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A miniaturized analytical system with packed epoxy-functionalized mesoporous organosilica for copper determination using a customized Android-based software

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Abstract

A smartphone-assisted determination of copper ions is introduced by using a down-scaled microfluidic mixer. The system was coupled with a micro-column packed with a periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO) material for preconcentration of copper ions. Copper ions were reduced to Cu(I) on-chip to selectively form an orange-colored complex with neocuproine. A novel Android-based software was made to determine the color change of the adsorbent by analyzing red-green-blue (RGB) components of images from the packed PMO material. Four porous framework materials with high porosity and chemical stability were synthesized and compared for the extraction of the Cu-neocuproine complex. The main parameters influencing the complex extraction efficiency were optimized. The analytical performance of the method showed limit of detection and quantification of 0.2 μg L−1 and 0.5 μg L−1, respectively. The accuracy and precision of the method were determined as recovery > 92% and relative standard deviations < 5.2% at medium concentration level (n = 5). Due to accumulation of the retained analyte in a single point and elimination of the stripping step, the RGB-based method showed sensitivity and precision higher than inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) for determination of copper ions. To investigate the applicability of the method, six different water samples were analyzed. The t-test on the data showed that the method has no significant difference when compared with ICP-AES determination.

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Funding

This work received financial support from Tarbiat Modares University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-175, Tehran, Iran

    Mohammad Mahdi Khataei, Yadollah Yamini & Monireh Karami

  2. School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

    Alireza Badiei

  3. Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia

    Fernando Maya & Michael Breadmore

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  1. Mohammad Mahdi Khataei
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Correspondence to Yadollah Yamini.

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Khataei, M.M., Yamini, Y., Karami, M. et al. A miniaturized analytical system with packed epoxy-functionalized mesoporous organosilica for copper determination using a customized Android-based software. Microchim Acta 190, 289 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-023-05847-3

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