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Development of a magnetic dispersive solid phase extraction method by employing folic acid magnetic nanoparticles as an effective, green, and reliable sorbent followed by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the extraction and preconcentration of seven pesticides from fruit juices

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Abstract

Folic acid magnetic nanoparticles have been prepared and utilized as an effective and reliable sorbent in magnetic dispersive solid phase extraction combined with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the extraction of seven pesticides from different juices before their determination by gas chromatography–flame ionization detector. The sorbent is prepared through ball milling process using a proper mixture of folic acid and magnetic iron oxide. Characterization of the sorbent was done with X-ray diffraction pattern, scanning electron microscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometry. In the current study, limits of detection were in the range 0.12–0.33 μg L−1. Relative standard deviations at a concentration of 40 μg L−1 of each analyte were in the ranges of 2.15–5.14% for intra-day (n = 6) and 3.78–6.91% for inter-day (n = 4) precisions. Extraction recoveries and enrichment factors were obtained in the ranges of 70–88 % and 566–708, respectively. The performance of the method was evaluated by determination the selected pesticides in different samples.

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Abbreviations

DLLME:

Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction

EF:

Enrichment factor

ER:

Extraction recovery

FID:

Flame ionization detector

GC:

Gas chromatography

LLE:

Liquid-liquid extraction

LOD:

Limit of detection

LOQ:

Limit of quantification

DSPE:

Dispersive solid phase extraction

MDSPE:

Magnetic dispersive solid phase extraction

RSD:

Relative standard deviation

SPE:

Solid phase extraction

FA:

Folic acid

MNPs:

Magnetic nanoparticles

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Conflict of interest

The author(s) declare that they have no competing interests.

Funding

This research was benefited from the financial support from the University of Tabriz.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

    Mir Ali Farajzadeh, Shokoufeh Niazi & Masoumeh Sattari Dabbagh

  2. Engineering Faculty, Near East University, 99138 Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey

    Mir Ali Farajzadeh

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  1. Mir Ali Farajzadeh
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  2. Shokoufeh Niazi
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  3. Masoumeh Sattari Dabbagh
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Correspondence to Mir Ali Farajzadeh.

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Farajzadeh, M.A., Niazi, S. & Sattari Dabbagh, M. Development of a magnetic dispersive solid phase extraction method by employing folic acid magnetic nanoparticles as an effective, green, and reliable sorbent followed by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the extraction and preconcentration of seven pesticides from fruit juices. Microchim Acta 188, 314 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-021-04970-3

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