Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Stainless steel fiber coated with poly(1-hexyl-3-vinylimidazolium) bromide for solid-phase microextraction of polychlorinated biphenyls from water samples prior to their quantitation by GC

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Microchimica Acta Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A stainless steel wire coated with a polymeric ionic liquid (poly-IL) is shown to represent a viable new tool for solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME) of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The surface of the wire was covalently modified with 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate, and susequent free-radical initiated polymerization of the ionic liquid (IL) 1-hexyl-3-vinylimidazolium bromide on the surface of the wire produced a poly-IL possessing sheet-like structure. The poly-IL fiber was evaluated with respect to its capability for extracting PCBs from water samples. The fiber aging temperature, extraction time, extraction temperature and ionic strength of the water sample were optimized. The poly-IL SPME fiber was applied to the headspace extraction of 12 kinds of PCBs (from PCB 81 to PCB 189) which, after direct injection into the port, were quantified by GC with ECD detection. The method displays good linearity in the 10 to 200 ng L−1 PCB concentration range, and limits of detection between 0.9 and 5.8 ng L−1. The single fiber and fiber-to-fiber repeatabilities are <10.7% and <12.7%, respectively. The method was applied to the analysis of PCBs in (spiked) Yangtze River water samples to give recoveries between 86.6 and 108%.

A polymeric ionic liquid (poly-IL) was synthesized and anchored on the surface of a pre-treated stainless steel wire to produce a poly-IL solid-phase micro-extraction fiber that showed excellent headspace extraction of PCBs.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Arthur CL, Pawliszyn J (1990) Solid phase microextraction with thermal desorption using fused silica optical fibers. Anal Chem 62:2145–2148

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Li S, Zhu F, Jiang R, Ouyang G (2016) Preparation and evaluation of amino modified graphene solid-phase microextraction fiber and its application to the determination of synthetic musks in water samples. J Chromatogr A 1429:1–7

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Terzopoulou Z, Papageorgiou M, Kyzas GZ, Bikiaris DN, Lambropoulou DA (2016) Preparation of molecularly imprinted solid-phase microextraction fiber for the selective removal and extraction of the antiviral drug abacavir in environmental and biological matrices. Anal Chim Acta 913:63–75

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Vereda Alonso E, López Guerrero MM, Colorado Cueto P, Barreno Benítez J, Cano Pavón JM, García de Torres A (2016) Development of an on-line solid phase extraction method based on new functionalized magnetic nanoparticles. Use in the determination of mercury in biological and sea-water samples Talanta 153:228–239

  5. Asiabi H, Yamini Y, Seidi S, Ghahramanifard F (2016) Preparation and evaluation of a novel molecularly imprinted polymer coating for selective extraction of indomethacin from biological samples by electrochemically controlled in-tube solid phase microextraction. Anal Chim Acta 913:76–85

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Peltenburg H, Bosman IJ, Hermens JLM (2015) Sensitive determination of plasma protein binding of cationic drugs using mixed-mode solid-phase microextraction. J Pharmaceut Biomed 115:534–542

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Kamalabadi M, Mohammadi A, Alizadeh N (2016) Polypyrrole nanowire as an excellent solid phase microextraction fiber for bisphenol a analysis in food samples followed by ion mobility spectrometry. Talanta 156–157:147–153

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Agapiou A, Vamvakari JP, Andrianopoulos A, Pappa A (2016) Volatile emissions during storing of green food waste under different aeration conditions. Environ Sci Pollut R 23:8890–8901

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Ho TD, Canestraro AJ, Anderson JL (2011) Ionic liquids in solid-phase microextraction: a review. Anal Chim Acta 695:18–43

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Ho TD, Toledo BR, Hantao LW, Anderson JL (2014) Chemical immobilization of crosslinked polymeric ionic liquids on nitinol wires produces highly robust sorbent coatings for solid-phase microextraction. Anal Chim Acta 843:18–26

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Sun X, Li Z, Fang Y, Chen P, Ren G, Shan H (2010) Recent advances of Microextraction with ionic liquid as friendly acceptor phase for sample preparation in analytical chemistry. Curr Anal Chem 6:249–259

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Shih YH, Lirio S, Li CK, Liu WL, Huang HY (2016) Determination of imidazole derivatives by micellar electrokinetic chromatography combined with solid-phase microextraction using activated carbon-polymer monolith as adsorbent. J Chromatogr A 1428:336–345

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Zhan T, Song Y, Li X, Hou W (2016) Electrochemical sensor for bisphenol a based on ionic liquid functionalized Zn-al layered double hydroxide modified electrode. Mater Sci Eng C 64:354–361

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Shi FQ, Liu JF, Liang K, Liu R (2016) Tris (pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate-basd ionic liquids as advantageous solid-phase micro-extraction coatings for the extraction of organophosphate esters in environmental waters. J Chromatogr A 1447:9–16

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Aziz-Zanjani MO, Mehdinia A (2014) A review on procedures for the preparation of coatings for solid phase microextraction. Microchim Acta 181:1169–1190

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Li XJ, Ye CW, Huo XL, Zeng Z (2010) Solid-phase microextraction using a diglycidyloxycalix [4] arene coated fiber combined with gas chromatography: very simple, rapid and sensitive method for the determination of chlorobenzenes in water. Microchim Acta 168:161–167

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Liu MM, Zhou X, Chen YY, Liu H, Feng X (2010) Innovative chemically bonded ionic liquids-based sol–gel coatings as highly porous, stable and selective stationary phases for solid phase microextraction. Anal Chim Acta 683:96–106

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Gao HX, Jiang T, Han BX, Wang Y, Du JM, Liu ZM, Zhang JL (2004) Aqueous/ionic liquid interfacial polymerization for preparing polyaniline nanoparticles. Polymer 45:3017–3019

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Amiri A, Ghaemi F (2017) Carbon nanospheres covalently modified with polydimethylsiloxane on a porous sol–gel support for use in headspace solid-phase fiber microextraction of BTEX. Microchim Acta 184:297–305

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Yu HL, Ho TD, Anderson JL (2013) Ionic liquid and polymeric ionic liquid coatings in solid-phase microextraction. TrAC Trend Anal Chem 45:219–232

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Li J, Chang R, Wang FQ, Zhao GC (2016) A Facile Solid-Phase Micro-Extraction Fiber Based on Pine Needles Biochar Coating for Extraction of Polychlorinated Biphenyls from Water Samples. Chromatographia:1–8

  22. Zhang C, Anderson JL (2014) Polymeric ionic liquid bucky gels as sorbent coatings for solid-phase microextraction. J Chromatogr A 1344:15–22

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Toledo BR, Hantao LW, Ho TD, Augusto F, Anderson JL (2014) A chemometric approach toward the detection and quantification of coffee adulteration by solid-phase microextraction using polymeric ionic liquid sorbent coatings. J Chromatogr A 1346:1–7

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Meng Y, Pino V, Anderson JL (2011) Role of counteranions in polymeric ionic liquid-based solid-phase microextraction coatings for the selective extraction of polar compounds. Anal Chim Acta 687:141–149

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. López-Darias J, Anderson JL, Pino V, Afonso AM (2011) Developing qualitative extraction profiles of coffee aromas utilizing polymeric ionic liquid sorbent coatings in headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 401:2965–2976

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Wang Y, Li H, Han S (2006) A theoretical investigation of the interactions between water molecules and ionic liquids. J Phys Chem B 110:24646–24651

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Wu YY, Yang CX, Yan XP (2016) Fabrication of metal-organic framework MIL-88B films on stainless steel fibers for solid-phase microextraction of polychlorinated biphenyls. J Chromatogr A 1334:1–8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Diao C, Li C, Yang X, Sun A, Liu R (2016) Magnetic matrix solid phase dispersion assisted dispersive liquid liquid microextraction of ultra trace polychlorinated biphenyls in water prior to GC-ECD determination. Microchim Acta 183:1261–1268

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Pérez RA, Albero B, Tadeo JL, Sánchez-Brunete C (2016) Oleate functionalized magnetic nanoparticles as sorbent for the analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls in juices. Microchim Acta 183:157–165

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Yang G, He Z, Liu X, Liu C, Zhan J, Liu D, Zhou Z (2016) Polymer-coated magnetic nanospheres for preconcentration of organochlorine and pyrethroid pesticides prior to their determination by gas chromatography with electron capture detection. Microchim Acta 183:1187–1194

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors appreciate the support of the Research Innovation and Practice of Anhui Normal University in 2016 (No. 2016yks074). Thanks given to Yuegang Yu for his assistance in this study.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241003, China

    Jing Li, Fengqin Wang, Jian-Feng Wu & Guang-chao Zhao

Authors
  1. Jing Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Fengqin Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jian-Feng Wu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Guang-chao Zhao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Guang-chao Zhao.

Ethics declarations

The author(s) declare that they have no competing interests.

Ethical approval

This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

Electronic supplementary material

ESM 1

(DOC 0.98 mb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Li, J., Wang, F., Wu, JF. et al. Stainless steel fiber coated with poly(1-hexyl-3-vinylimidazolium) bromide for solid-phase microextraction of polychlorinated biphenyls from water samples prior to their quantitation by GC. Microchim Acta 184, 2621–2628 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-017-2254-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-017-2254-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation