Abstract
Energy drives the large deformation of soft rock tunnels, which is a nonlinear mechanical behavior of surrounding rock. This study aims to develop an analytical model for analyzing the energy conversion and absorption processes involved in tunneling. First, an analytical approach is presented for analyzing the energy conversion of the surrounding rock and energy absorption properties of the yielding support system during tunnel excavation. Subsequently, a comprehensive parametric investigation is conducted using the analytical model to investigate the impact of support pressure, tunnel radius, and initial stress on the energy conversion and dissipation of the surrounding rock. Similarly, the effect of support installation time, tunnel radius, and initial stress on the energy absorption properties of the yielding support system is explored. The results reveal that energy is input into the surrounding rock at the outer boundary through radial stress work. A portion of the energy is converted into elastic strain energy of the surrounding rock. Simultaneously, the plastic deformation of the surrounding rock consumes some of the input energy. Subsequently, the remaining energy flows from the excavation boundary as rock pressure work. Installing yielding components in the support system significantly enhances its maximum energy absorption capacity, which may be raised by up to 30 times. Moreover, the earlier the support installation time, the larger the tunnel radius, and the higher the initial stress, the more energy the yielding elements of the support system absorb.
Highlights
-
Proposed an analytical model to characterize energy conversion in large deformation tunnels with yielding support.
-
Quantitatively analyzed the energy conversion and dissipation properties in the surrounding rock.
-
Explored the energy absorption characteristics of yielding support in large deformation tunnels.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data Availability
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
References
Barla G (2016) Full-face excavation of large tunnels in difficult conditions. J Rock Mech Geotech Eng 8:294–303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2015.12.003
Brady BHG, Brown ET (1981) Energy changes and stability in underground mining: design applications of boundary element methods. Inst Min Metall Trans 90
Cai M, He M, Liu D (2011) Rock Mechanics and Engineering. Science Press, Beijing, China
Cantieni L, Anagnostou G (2009) The interaction between yielding supports and squeezing ground. Tunn Undergr Sp Tech 24:309–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2008.10.001
Chen Z, He C, Xu G, Ma G, Wu D (2019a) A case study on the asymmetric deformation characteristics and mechanical behavior of deep-buried tunnel in Phyllite. Rock Mech Rock Eng 52:4527–4545. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-019-01836-2
Chen Z, He C, Xu G, Ma G, Yang W (2019b) Supporting mechanism and mechanical behavior of a double primary support method for tunnels in broken phyllite under high geo-stress: a case study. Bull Eng Geol Environ 78:5253–5267. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-019-01479-1
Chen H, Wang M, Qi C, Li J (2020a) Mechanism of energy adjustment and balance of rock masses near a deep circular tunnel. Chin J Geotech Eng 42:1849–1857. https://doi.org/10.11779/cjge202010010
Chen Z, He C, Yang W, Guo W, Li Z, Xu G (2020b) Impacts of geological conditions on instability causes and mechanical behavior of large-scale tunnels: a case study from the Sichuan-Tibet highway, China. Bull Eng Geol Environ 79:3667–3688. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-020-01796-w
Cheng Y, Ding W, Wang Z, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Liu H (2022) Large deformation characteristics and control measures of chlorite schist tunnels: a case study on xianglushan tunnel of water diversion in central Yunnan. J Yangtze River Sci Res Inst 39:42–48. https://doi.org/10.11988/ckyyb.20221017
De La Fuente M, Taherzadeh R, Sulem J, Nguyen X-S, Subrin D (2019) Applicability of the convergence-confinement method to full-face excavation of circular tunnels with stiff support system. Rock Mech Rock Eng 52:2361–2376. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-018-1694-8
Fan Y, Lu W, Zhou Y, Zhao C, Yan P (2017) Evolution mechanism of damage zone in surrounding rock mass during excavation of deep tunnels under high geostress condition. J Eng Geol 25:308–316
Guan B (1993) Introduction to tunnel mechanics. Southwest Jiaotong University Press, Chengdu, China
He M, Qiao Y, Tao Z, Wang B, Xiao Y (2021) Axial compression behavior of adaptive steel arch joint for large-deformation tunnels. China J Highw Transp 34:1–10. https://doi.org/10.19721/j.cnki.1001-7372.2021.05.001
Hu X, Gutierrez M (2023) Viscoelastic Burger’s model for tunnels supported with tangentially yielding liner. J Rock Mech Geotech Eng 15:826–837. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2022.07.013
Hua A (2003) Energy analysis of surrounding rocks in underground engineering. Chin J Rock Mech Eng 22:1054–1059
Huang X, Liu Q, Liu K, Kang Y, Liu X (2015) Laboratory study of deformation and failure of soft rock for deep ground tunnelling with TBM. Chin J Rock Mech Eng 34:76–92
Karakus M (2007) Appraising the methods accounting for 3D tunnelling effects in 2D plane strain FE analysis. Tunn Undergr Sp Tech 22:47–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2006.01.004
Kimura F, Okabayashi N, Kawamoto T (1987) Tunnelling through squeezing rock in two large fault zones of the Enasan Tunnel II. Rock Mech Rock Eng 20:151–166. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01020366
Lei S, Zhao W (2020) Study on the mechanism of circumferential yielding support for soft rock tunnel with large deformation. Rock Soil Mech 41:1039–1047. https://doi.org/10.16285/j.rsm.2019.5545
Li W et al (2018) An improved numerical simulation approach for arch-bolt supported tunnels with large deformation. Tunn Undergr Sp Tech 77:1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2018.03.001
Li CC, Zhao T, Zhang Y, Wan W (2022) A study on the energy sources and the role of the surrounding rock mass in strain burst. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 154:105114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2022.105114
Liu Y, Qiu W, Duan D (2022) Using energy-absorbing dampers to solve the problem of large deformation in soft-rock tunnels: a case study. Energies 15:1916
Lu C, Cai C (2019) Challenges and countermeasures for construction safety during the Sichuan-Tibet railway project. Engineering 5:833–838. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2019.06.007
Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China (2015) Code for design of concrete structures (GB 50010–2010). China Building Industry Press, Beijing, China
Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China (2016) Code for design of composite structures (JGJ 138–2016). China Building Industry Press, Beijing, China
National Railway Administration of the People’s Republic of China (2016) Code for Design of Railway Tunnel (TB 10003–2016). China Railway Publishing House, Beijing, China
Ortlepp WD, Stacey TR (1998) Performance of tunnel support under large deformation static and dynamic loading. Tunn Undergr Sp Tech 13:15–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0886-7798(98)00022-4
Qiu W, Wang G, Gong L, Shen Z, Li C, Dang J (2018) Research and application of resistance-limiting and energy-dissipating support in large deformation tunnel. Chin J Rock Mech Eng 37:1785–1795
Salamon MDG (1984) Energy considerations in rock mechanics: fundamental results. J South Afr Inst Min Metall 84:233–246. https://doi.org/10.10520/AJA0038223X_1489
Steiner W (1996) Tunnelling in squeezing rocks: Case histories. Rock Mech Rock Eng 29:211–246. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01042534
Su Y, He M, Gao Q (2004) Application of Rosenblueth method in evaluating stability reliability of anchor-shotcrete net support system for soft-fractrue surrounding rock. Chin J Geotech Eng 26:378–382
Su G, Feng X, Wang J, Jiang J, Hu L (2017) Experimental study of remotely triggered rockburst induced by a tunnel axial dynamic disturbance under true-triaxial conditions. Rock Mech Rock Eng 50:2207–2226. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-017-1218-y
Tian H, Chen W, Yang D, Wu G, Tan X (2016) Numerical analysis on the interaction of shotcrete liner with rock for yielding supports. Tunn Undergr Sp Tech 54:20–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2016.01.025
Tian HM, Chen WZ, Tan XJ, Yang DS, Wu GJ, Yu JX (2018) Numerical investigation of the influence of the yield stress of the yielding element on the behaviour of the shotcrete liner for yielding support. Tunn Undergr Sp Tech 73:179–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2017.12.019
Walsh JB (1977) Energy changes due to mining. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci Geomech Abstr 14:25–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(77)90559-9
Wang B, Wang J, Wu D, Zhao Y, Zhang B, Li Z (2016) Study on application of yielding supporting system for large-deformation in soft rock highway tunnel. J Railw Sci Eng 13:1985–1993. https://doi.org/10.19713/j.cnki.43-1423/u.2016.10.016
Wang FN et al (2021) Large deformation mechanism of thin-layered carbonaceous slate and energy coupling support technology of NPR anchor cable in Minxian Tunnel: a case study. Tunn Undergr Sp Tech 117:104151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2021.104151
Wang B, Yu W, Chen Z (2022) Effect of anchor plate on the mechanical behavior of prestressed rock bolt used in squeezing large deformation tunnel. Acta Geotech 17:3591–3611. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-022-01460-5
Wang G (2019) Deformation mechanics and energy-based support technology of soft and weak surrounding rock tunnel. Southwest Jiaotong University
Wu Z, Xu G, WuYe LQ (2009) Mechanical deformation characteristics of rock mass surroundinglateral enlarging excavation of tunnels with ultra-large sections. Chin J Geotech Eng 39:172–177
Wu G, Chen W, Tian H, Jia S, Yang J, Tan X (2018) Numerical evaluation of a yielding tunnel lining support system used in limiting large deformation in squeezing rock. Environ Earth Sci 77:439. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-018-7614-0
Wu K, Shao Z, Sharifzadeh M, Hong S, Qin S (2021) Analytical computation of support characteristic curve for circumferential yielding lining in tunnel design. J Rock Mech Geotech Eng. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2021.06.016
Xie H, Li L, Ju Y, Peng R, Yang Y (2011) Energy analysis for damage and catastrophic failure of rocks. Sci China Technol Sci 54:199–209. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-011-4639-y
Xu G, He C, Chen Z, Yang Q (2020) Transversely isotropic creep behavior of phyllite and its influence on the long-term safety of the secondary lining of tunnels. Eng Geol 278:105834. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2020.105834
Xu G, Wang B, Ma G, Du J, Chen X, Hou Z (2022) Study on the damage evolutional process of secondary tunnel lining under rheological effect of surrounding rock. Eng Failure Anal 142:106758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2022.106758
Yang G (2004) Introduction to Elasticity and Plasticity. Tsinghua University Press, Beijing, China
Yang K, Yan Q, Zhang C, Wu W, Wan F (2021) Study on mechanical properties and damage evolution of carbonaceous shale under triaxial compression with acoustic emission. Int J Damage Mech 30:899–922. https://doi.org/10.1177/1056789521991193
Yang K, Yan Q, Shi Z, Zhang C, Ma S (2023) Numerical study on the mechanical behavior of shotcrete lining with yielding support in large deformation tunnel. Rock Mech Rock Eng 56:1563–1584. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-022-03126-w
Zhang Y, Yao X, Hu D, Guo C, Xiong T (2012) Quantitative zoning assessment of crustal stability along the Yunnan-Tibet Railway Line, Western China. Acta Geol Sin Engl Ed 86:1004–1012. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-6724.2012.00724.x
Zhang D, Sun Z, Fang Q (2022) Scientific problems and research proposals for Sichuan-Tibet railway tunnel construction. Undergr Sp 7:419–439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.undsp.2021.10.002
Acknowledgements
We gratefully acknowledge the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant numbers 51878573, U21A20152) and the Talent-Introduction Program of Xihua University (Z231016).
Funding
National Natural Science Foundation of China, 51878573 and U21A20152, Qixiang Yan; Talent-Introduction Program of Xihua University, Z231016, Kai Yang.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Yang, K., Yan, Q., Zhang, C. et al. Investigation of Energy Transformation and Dissipation in Soft Rock Tunnels with Yielding Support Under Large Deformation. Rock Mech Rock Eng (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-024-03842-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-024-03842-5