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Further Development of Digital Image Correlation (DIC) to Measure the Discontinuous Deformation of Rock on Small-Scale Tests

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Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Deformation measurement is crucial for understanding the mechanical responses of rock masses; however, full-scale tests on rock masses are difficult and costly. With the development of 3D printing technology, small-scale tests provide a promising solution. Nevertheless, traditional DIC codes usually fail due to the existence of discontinuities such as cracks and shear bonds, and the correlation also rapidly drops when large deformation occurs, which is an obstacle for further application of the DIC in small-scale tests on rock. In this work, a discrete digital image correlation (DDIC), based on the principle of DIC and the discrete finite element method (DFEM), is introduced to address discontinuities and large deformations. The triangular mesh with shrunken internal nodes was selected to address the discontinuities. A scheme of updating the reference image based on the preset threshold was employed to solve the decorrelation caused by large deformation. The rigid rotation of the strain field was removed by introducing polar decomposition in DDIC. The effectiveness and reliability of the proposed DIC were verified through several small-scale tests including dislocation, separation, and large deformation. The results showed that the updated triangular mesh can adequately trace and adapt to the discontinuous deformation and large deformation of specimen, while correlation coefficients can still fall within a relatively high confidence interval. Overall, DDIC with small-scale tests might provide a promising solution to the difficulty of preparing large specimens in rock mechanics studies and provide measurement data for the verification and calibration of discontinuous numerical methods.

Highlights

  • A novel digital image correlation method is proposed to address the discontinuous deformation.

  • Combined with an automatic updating scheme, the subset distortion caused by large deformation is solved.

  • The objective strain fields can be obtained by introducing polar decomposition.

  • The method provides measurement data for the verification and calibration of numerical tools.

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Acknowledgements

We particularly acknowledge the finical support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51979187) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52192691). The first author is very grateful for the help from Mr. Senwei Hou in the experiment and programming.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, School of Civil Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China

    Jia-Le Li & Gao-Feng Zhao

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  1. Jia-Le Li
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  2. Gao-Feng Zhao
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Contributions

Jia-Le Li: conceptualization, methodology, validation, formal analysis, experiment design abd execution, data processing, visualization, writing-original draft, writing-review and editing. Gao-Feng Zhao: methodology, writing-review and editing, supervision, project administration, funding acquisition, software.

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Correspondence to Gao-Feng Zhao.

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Li, JL., Zhao, GF. Further Development of Digital Image Correlation (DIC) to Measure the Discontinuous Deformation of Rock on Small-Scale Tests. Rock Mech Rock Eng 56, 1163–1183 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-022-03120-2

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