Abstract
Flaws play a critical role in mastering the mechanical responses and failure behaviors of rock masses in practical engineering. In this study, a series of compressive–shear tests were performed on sandstone samples containing a single flaw to systemically investigate the effect of flaw geometrical parameters and die angle on the cracking process using digital image correlation (DIC) analysis. The results indicate that the peak force of specimens is significantly affected by the geometrical parameters of the pre-existing flaw and the die angle. The peak compressive–shear force decreases with increasing flaw length, width, inclination angle and die angle except for the flawed specimen with the die angle of 15°. Aided by DIC analysis, it is found that the initiation of the anti-wing cracks and secondary cracks lags behind the wing cracks. The crack initiation and propagation of wing crack are dominated by the tensile strain, while the crack initiation mechanism of the anti-wing crack and secondary crack is mixed tensile–shear dominated. A novel crack dominant parameter (CDP) is proposed to quantitatively analyze the effect of the maximum principal strain and shear strain at the aforementioned key points. The crack behaviors are dominated by tensile stress, mixed tensile–shear stress and shear stress when CDP > 2, 0 < CDP < 2 and CDP < 0, respectively. With increasing flaw length, width and die angle, it became easier for the flawed specimen to coalesce along the shearing plane and the corresponding final failure mode became concise with a lower degree of fragmentation. The findings of this paper would facilitate a better understanding of the failure behavior of rock masses containing flaws under compressive–shear loads.
Highlights
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The mechanical properties of flawed rocks are significantly influenced by the geometrical parameters of pre-existing flaw and die angle.
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The novel crack dominant parameter (CDP) is proposed to quantitatively analyze the crack initiation behaviors of flawed rocks around the flaw tips.
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The final failure modes of the flawed rocks are associated with the geometrical parameters of pre-existing flaw and die angle, which become concise with increasing flaw length, width and die angle.
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Acknowledgements
The work was financially supported by the Program for Guangdong Introducing Innovative and Entrepreneurial Teams (No. 2019ZT08G315), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52004161, 52004162) and the Shenzhen Natural Science Foundation (JCYJ20210324093400001).
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Zhou, T., Chen, J., Xie, H. et al. Failure and Mechanical Behaviors of Sandstone Containing a Pre-existing Flaw Under Compressive–shear Loads: Insight from a Digital Image Correlation (DIC) Analysis. Rock Mech Rock Eng 55, 4237–4256 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-022-02861-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-022-02861-4