Abstract
The support system of “the top protection layer and remained pillar” left by gypsum mine easily loses its bearing capacity due to the water-weakening effect, contributing to the geological disasters. In this paper, uniaxial compression tests are carried out to estimate the evolution of mechanical properties with the change of immersion time for gypsum rock. The results show that the uniaxial compressive strength and tensile strength decrease gradually with the increase of immersion time. After that, the energy evolution law of gypsum rock with different immersion time under one-dimensional loading is explored, proving that the input energy, elastic energy, and dissipative energy decrease totally with the immersion time. A damage constitutive model based on the energy dissipation is used to describe the damage characteristics of gypsum rock subjected to the water-weakening effect and uniaxial loading, and the model is verified to be in good agreement with the experiment results. The influence of water immersion on the failure of gypsum rock is discussed from the mesoscopic and macroscopic perspectives, which shows that the meso defects in the rock develop gradually; however, the macro failure has a transition process of “shear to split, and finally to the mix of shear and split”. It can be reached a conjecture by the analysis of experiment results and of previous studies that the water–rock weakening mechanism of gypsum rock may include the special hydrophilic effect of calcium sulfate dihydrate molecular structure, the micro-dynamic response caused by the change of pore water content, and the swelling effect of water-absorbing minerals. This paper has specific research and reference value to understand the damage evolution characteristics of rock under water–rock interaction.
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Abbreviations
- XRD:
-
X-ray diffraction
- EDS:
-
Energy-dispersive spectrum
- UCS:
-
Uniaxial compressive strength
- T 0 :
-
Mechanical parameters after drying
- T N :
-
Mechanical parameters of rock samples immersed for N days
- S N :
-
Total degradation degree
- ∆S N :
-
Single-order degradation degree
- U d :
-
Dissipative energy
- U e :
-
Elastic energy
- U r :
-
Release energy
- U :
-
Input energy
- σ i :
-
Point stress of the strain–stress curve
- ε c :
-
Maximum strain before reaching the residual deformation stage
- C d :
-
The cumulative AE event count when the material damage area reaches AD
- C 0 :
-
The cumulative AE event count of the material’s entire section A
- σ c :
-
Residual strength of the rock
- σ p :
-
Peak strength of the rock
- U d :
-
Dissipative energy at the peak strength
- U dmax :
-
Cumulative dissipation energy required for the complete failure of rock
- D :
-
Damage variable
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Acknowledgements
The work is supported by financial grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52074169, 51904167), the Taishan Scholar Talent Team Support Plan for Advantaged & Unique Discipline Areas, the State Key Research Development Program of China (2018YFC0808402), the State Key Laboratory for GeoMechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing (SKLGDUEK2017), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2021YJSLJ21). The authors are very grateful to the financial contribution and convey their appreciation for supporting this basic research.
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Ma, H., Song, Y., Chen, S. et al. Experimental Investigation on the Mechanical Behavior and Damage Evolution Mechanism of Water-Immersed Gypsum Rock. Rock Mech Rock Eng 54, 4929–4948 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-021-02548-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-021-02548-2