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Type 2 diabetes prevalence among Andean immigrants and natives in a Southern European City

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Abstract

Aims

Inequalities in diabetes prevalence among immigrants from Andean countries remain unknown. Andean populations are one of the largest groups of immigrants in Madrid city. We examined the association between country of birth and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prevalence in Andean immigrant population relative to Spanish-natives; and whether this association varied by age, sex and length of residence.

Methods

We analyzed 1,258,931 electronic medical records from Spanish native and Andean immigrant adults aged 40–75 years of Madrid city. We used logistic regression and test interaction terms to address our aims.

Results

Andean immigrants showed 1.13 (95% CI 1.10–1.17) greater adjusted odds for T2DM than Spanish natives. This association was positive in Ecuadorians and Bolivians but protective in Peruvians and Colombians. There was heterogeneity of this association according to age and sex. Relative to Spanish natives, odds of T2DM in Andeans of all ages and women were higher but lower in men.

Conclusion

Andean adults showed greater odds of T2DM compared with Spanish native adults in Madrid, with variation observed by age and sex. These findings emphasize the need for studying immigrant populations in a disaggregated manner to implement specific clinical and preventive approaches.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the University of Alcala, Madrid, Spain and the City University of New York Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, United States, and all researchers who work in the health of immigrants, of whom we are learning and using their knowledge.

Funding

The Heat Healthy Hoods Project (HHH Project) was funded by the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007_2013/ERC Starting Grant Heart Healthy Hoods Agreement No. 336893). M. Franco is the principal investigator of HHH Project. A.B. Bonilla is a researcher in the HHH project and was supported by a scholarship from the University of Alcala, Madrid, Spain.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Social and Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Alcala, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain

    Bertha Angelica Bonilla-Escobar, Luisa N. Borrell & Manuel Franco

  2. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, The City University of New York, 55 West 125th Street, 530, New York, NY, 10027, USA

    Luisa N. Borrell & Manuel Franco

  3. Research Unit, Assistance Office for Primary Care, Health Services of Madrid, Madrid, Spain

    Isabel Del Cura-González & Esperanza Escortell-Mayor

  4. Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain

    Isabel Del Cura-González

  5. Health Services Research on Chronic Patients Network (REDISSEC), Institute of Health Carlos III, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain

    Isabel Del Cura-González, Luis Sánchez-Perruca & Esperanza Escortell-Mayor

  6. Information Technology Systems, Assistance Office for Primary Care, Health Services of Madrid, Madrid, Spain

    Luis Sánchez-Perruca

  7. Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Manuel Franco

Authors
  1. Bertha Angelica Bonilla-Escobar
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  2. Luisa N. Borrell
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  3. Isabel Del Cura-González
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  4. Luis Sánchez-Perruca
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  5. Esperanza Escortell-Mayor
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  6. Manuel Franco
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Contributions

ABB-E, LNB, MF and IDC-G were responsible for the conception, design, analysis and interpretation of data. ABB-E prepared the first draft of the manuscript with help of LNB, MF and IDC-G. All the authors were involved in critical revisions of the manuscript. LS-P contributed with data extraction process. All authors read and approved the final version for publication. ABB-E and LNB are the guarantors.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Luisa N. Borrell.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical standard

All procedures performed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the Madrid Region Clinical Research Ethics Committee ERC-2013-StG-336893, the Central Research Commission of the PHM HHH-15-15 and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The study was developed as stipulated in the Spanish Organic Law 15/1999 on the Protection of Personal Data.

Informed consent

This is a register-based study with anonymous data and no patient contacts. Thus, no informed consent was required for this study.

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Bonilla-Escobar, B.A., Borrell, L.N., Del Cura-González, I. et al. Type 2 diabetes prevalence among Andean immigrants and natives in a Southern European City. Acta Diabetol 57, 1065–1072 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592-020-01515-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592-020-01515-7

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