Abstract
Aims
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is released primarily from the proximal small intestine and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) from the more distal small intestine and colon. Their relative importance to the incretin effect in health has been contentious in the past, although it now appears that GIP has the dominant role. It is uncertain whether there is a relationship between GIP and GLP-1 secretion. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between plasma GIP and GLP-1 responses to a 75-g oral glucose load in individuals with normal (NGT) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT).
Methods
One hundred healthy subjects had measurements of blood glucose, serum insulin, plasma GIP and GLP-1 concentrations for 240 min after a 300 mL drink containing 75 g glucose.
Results
Fifty had NGT and 41 IGT; 9 had type 2 diabetes and were excluded from analysis. In both groups, there were increases in plasma GIP and GLP-1 following the glucose drink, with no difference in the magnitude of the responses between t = 0–240 min. There was a weak relationship between the iAUC0–240 min for GIP and GLP-1 in the combined (r = 0.23, P = 0.015) and in the IGT (r = 0.34, P = 0.01), but not in the NGT (r = 0.15, P = 0.14) group.
Conclusions
There is a weak relationship between oral glucose-induced GIP and GLP-1 secretions in non-diabetic subjects.
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Data availability
The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available, but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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CSM conducted research, analyzed and interpreted data and reviewed paper; HP conducted research, analyzed and interpreted data and reviewed paper; JAM analyzed and interpreted data and reviewed paper; LGT conducted research and reviewed paper; LH analyzed data and reviewed paper; TW interpreted data and reviewed paper; LKP interpreted data and reviewed paper; CKR interpreted data and reviewed paper; MAN conceived and designed research and reviewed paper; MH conceived and designed research, interpreted data and reviewed paper; KLJ conceived and designed research, interpreted data, reviewed paper and approved the final version of paper.
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CSM is supported by a NHMRC Early Career Fellowship, TW by a Royal Adelaide Hospital Florey Fellowship and KLJ by the University of Adelaide William T Southcott Research Fellowship.
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Marathe, C.S., Pham, H., Marathe, J.A. et al. The relationship between plasma GIP and GLP-1 levels in individuals with normal and impaired glucose tolerance. Acta Diabetol 57, 583–587 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592-019-01461-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592-019-01461-z