Abstract
Purpose
This study investigates the association between insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetes and 30-day postoperative complications following aseptic revision total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA).
Methods
The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was queried for all patients who underwent aseptic revision TSA from 2015 to 2021. The study population was divided into three groups based on diabetic status: nondiabetes, insulin-dependent diabetes, and non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate the relationship between diabetic status and postoperative complications.
Results
Compared to nondiabetes, insulin-dependent diabetes was independently associated with a significantly greater likelihood of experiencing any complication (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.08–2.35; P = 0.020) and LOS > 2 days (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.13–2.65; P = 0.012). Compared to nondiabetes, non-insulin-dependent diabetes was not independently associated with a significantly greater likelihood of experiencing complications. Preoperative insulin-dependent diabetic status was significantly associated with a greater rate of early postoperative complications following aseptic revision TSA, while preoperative non-insulin-dependent diabetic status was not.
Conclusion
Preoperative insulin-dependent diabetic status was significantly associated with a greater rate of early postoperative complications following aseptic revision TSA. A better understanding of the role diabetes, both insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent, as a risk factor may help physicians better risk stratify and select surgical candidates for revision TSA.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Farley KX, Wilson JM, Kumar A, Gottschalk MB, Daly C, Sanchez-Sotelo J, Wagner ER (2021) Prevalence of shoulder arthroplasty in the United States and the increasing burden of revision shoulder arthroplasty. JBJS Open Access. https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.OA.20.00156
Kennon JC, Songy CE, Marigi E, Visscher SL, Larson DR, Borah BJ, Schleck CD, Cofield RH, Sanchez-Sotelo J, Sperling JW (2020) Cost analysis and complication profile of primary shoulder arthroplasty at a high-volume institution. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 29(7):1337–1345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jse.2019.12.008
Ponce BA, Menendez ME, Oladeji LO, Soldado F (2014) Diabetes as a risk factor for poorer early postoperative outcomes after shoulder arthroplasty. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 23(5):671–678. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jse.2014.01.046
Lopez-de-Andres A, Hernandez-Barrera V, Martinez-Huedo MA, Villanueva-Martinez M, Jimenez-Trujillo I, Jimenez-Garcia R (2017) Type 2 diabetes and in-hospital complications after revision of total hip and knee arthroplasty. PLoS ONE 12(8):e0183796. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0183796
Selemon NA, Gu A, Malahias MA, Fassihi SC, Chen AZ, Adriani M, Sculco TP, Liu J, Cross MB, Sculco PK (2022) Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is an independent risk factor for postoperative complications in aseptic revision total hip arthroplasty. Hip Int 32(2):213–220. https://doi.org/10.1177/1120700020945221
Fu MC, Boddapati V, Dines DM, Warren RF, Dines JS, Gulotta LV (2017) The impact of insulin dependence on short-term postoperative complications in diabetic patients undergoing total shoulder arthroplasty. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 26(12):2091–2096. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jse.2017.05.027
Lovecchio F, Beal M, Kwasny M, Manning D (2014) Do patients with insulin-dependent and noninsulin-dependent diabetes have different risks for complications after arthroplasty? Clin Orthop Relat Res 472(11):3570–3575. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-014-3891-4
Cerri-Droz PE, Ling K, Aknoukh S, Komatsu DE, Wang ED (2023) Diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for postoperative complications following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. JSES Int 7(6):2361–2366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseint.2023.06.024
Stepan JG, Boddapati V, Sacks HA, Fu MC, Osei DA, Fufa DT (2018) Insulin dependence is associated with increased risk of complications after upper extremity surgery in diabetic patients. J Hand Surg Am 43(8):745-754.e4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2018.06.006
Seok HG, Park JJ, Park SG (2022) Risk factors for periprosthetic joint infection after shoulder arthroplasty: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Med 11(14):4245
Schell LE, Roche CP, Eichinger JK, Flurin PH, Wright TW, Zuckerman JD, Friedman RJ (2023) Aseptic glenoid baseplate loosening after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty with a single prosthesis. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 32(8):1584–1593. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jse.2023.01.010
de Simone G, Devereux RB, Chinali M, Lee ET, Galloway JM, Barac A, Panza JA, Howard BV (2010) Diabetes and incident heart failure in hypertensive and normotensive participants of the Strong Heart Study. J Hypertens 28(2):353–360. https://doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0b013e3283331169
Leon BM, Maddox TM (2015) Diabetes and cardiovascular disease: epidemiology, biological mechanisms, treatment recommendations and future research. World J Diabetes 6(13):1246–1258. https://doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v6.i13.1246
Sanches CP, Vianna AGD, Barreto FC (2017) The impact of type 2 diabetes on bone metabolism. Diabetol Metab Syndr 9:85. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098-017-0278-1
Ding ZC, Zeng WN, Rong X, Liang ZM, Zhou ZK (2020) Do patients with diabetes have an increased risk of impaired fracture healing? A systematic review and meta-analysis. ANZ J Surg 90(7–8):1259–1264. https://doi.org/10.1111/ans.15878
Lee D, Lee R, Gowda NB, Probasco WV, Stake S, Ibrahim G, Pandarinath R (2020) Impact of diabetes mellitus on surgical complications in patients undergoing revision total knee arthroplasty: insulin dependence makes a difference. J Clin Orthop Trauma 11(1):140–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcot.2019.07.009
Diabetes C, Complications Trial Research G, Nathan DM, Genuth S, Lachin J, Cleary P, Crofford O, Davis M, Rand L, Siebert C (1993) The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 329 (14):977-986. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199309303291401
Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE (1996) Relation of glycemic control to diabetic microvascular complications in diabetes mellitus. Ann Intern Med 124(1 Pt 2):90–96. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-124-1_part_2-199601011-00003
Shiloach M, Frencher SK Jr, Steeger JE, Rowell KS, Bartzokis K, Tomeh MG, Richards KE, Ko CY, Hall BL (2010) Toward robust information: data quality and inter-rater reliability in the American college of surgeons national surgical quality improvement program. J Am Coll Surg 210(1):6–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2009.09.031
Funding
The authors did not receive support from any organization for the submitted work.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Rachel A. Loyst, Steven H. Liu, and Patricia Cerri Droz. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Rachel A. Loyst, Steven H. Liu, and Patricia Cerri Droz. The manuscript was reviewed, edited, and revised critically by authors William Leatherwood, Edward D. Wang, and David E. Komatsu. All authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
Authors are required to disclose financial or non-financial interests that are directly or indirectly related to the work submitted for publication.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Loyst, R.A., Liu, S.H., Cerri-Droz, P. et al. Role of insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetes in aseptic revision total shoulder arthroplasty. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00590-024-03954-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00590-024-03954-2