Abstract
First record of hematologic values in free-living silky anteaters (Cyclopes didactylus: Xenarthra: Cyclopedidae). This article is the first to present the hematological profile of free-living silky anteaters, also known as pygmy anteaters (Cyclopes didactylus) – the smallest tamandua. Researchers captured five animals from Delta do Parnaíba, one of the best-preserved coastal areas located in northeastern Brazil between the states of Maranhão and Piauí. After capture, researchers anesthetized the animals with a combination of ketamine chloride and midazolam for blood collection. The following hematological parameters were determined: hematocrit count and total and differential leukocyte count. The hematocrit count in silky anteaters (34.7) did not differ from other tamanduas to which they were compared. Even so, the values of leukocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes (5.524, 0.038, 0.162, 0.028, and 0.298, respectively) were lower in silky anteaters than in other tamanduas. Differences such as these demonstrate the need for further studies of the species. Nonetheless, the hematological values reported here will help in assessing the health of free-living populations, allow comparisons among them and between captive animals, and monitor direct anthropic influences for each species.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aguiar RF, Superina M (2014) Xenarthra. p.355–37. In: Miller RE (ed) Fowler’s zoo and wild animal medicine, 1st ed. St. Louis. Missouri
Best RC, Harada AY (1985) Food habits of the silky anteater (Cyclopes didactylus) in the Central Amazon. J Mammal 66(4):780–781. https://doi.org/10.2307/1380807
Catenacci LS, Nascimento A, Muniz-Neta ES, Cassano CR, Deem SL, Rosa EST, Parker P, Munhoz AD (2017) First record of hematologic values in free-living and captive maned sloths (Bradypus torquatus; Xenarthra, Bradypodidae). J of Zoo Wildl Med 48(2):312–318. https://doi.org/10.1638/2016-0025R1.1
Labohidro (1999) Diagnóstico Ambiental do Estuário do Rio Bacanga, Ilha de São Luís-MA:Caracterização química e biológica (Relatório DO 1º termo aditivo Out/98-agosto/99), São Luís, UFMA, 57p
McNab BK (1984) Physiological convergence amongst ant-eating and termite-eating mammals. J Zool 203(4):485–510. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1984.tb02345.x
Miranda F, Superina M (2010) New distribution records of silky anteaters Cyclopes didactylus (Pilosa, Cyclopedidae) in coastal northeastern Brazil. Mastozool Neotrop 17:381–384 SAREM
Miranda F, Veloso R, Superina M, Zara FJ (2009) Food habits of wild silky anteaters (Cyclopes didatylus) of São Luis do Maranhão, Brazil. Edentata (10):1–5. https://doi.org/10.1896/020.010.0109
Miranda FR, Casali DM, Perini FA, Machado FA, Santos FR (2017) Taxonomic review of the Genus Cyclopes Gray, 1821 (Xenarthra: Pilosa), with the revalidation and description of new species. Zool J Linnean Soc 183(3):687–721. https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx079
Miranda FR, Meritt JR (2010) Cyclopes didatylus. Internacional unit for conservation of nature and natural resources red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed 20 Apr 2019
Miranda FR, Meritt JR (2011) Cyclopes didactylus. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Red List of Threatened Species, Version 2011.2. Available at: www.iucnredlist.org (Accessed 5 April 2016)
Montgomery GG (1985) Movements, foragin and food habits of the four extant especies of Neotropical vermilinguas (Mammalia; Myrmecophagidae). p.365–377. In: Montgomery GG (ed) the evolution and ecology of armadillos, sloths and vermilinguas. Washington DC
Nucci DLD, Marc LB, Jimeno GP, Scapini JP, Masso RJD (2014) Hematology and serum biochemistry values in captive giant anteaters (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) in Argentina. Edentata 15:39–51
Naples VL (1999) Morphology, evolution and function of feeding in the giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla). J Zool 259(1):19–41. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1999.tb01057.x
Oliveira E, Trentin TC, Vila LG, da Silva SL, Arhnold E, Martins DB (2017) Giant Anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla Linnaeus, 1758) of the brazilian cerrado: hematology and storage effect. Pesq Vet Bras 37(7):773–780. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2017000700019
Rebar AH, Macwilliams PS, Feldman BF, Metzger FL, Polloch RVH, Roche J (2003) Guia de Hematologia para Cães e Gatos. São Paulo São Paulo
Rojano-Bolaño C, Miranda-Cortés L, Ávila-Avilán R, Álvarez-Otero G (2014) Parámetros hematológicos de Hormigueros gigantes (Myrmecophaga tridactyla Linnaeus, 1758) de vida libre en Pore, Colombia. Vet Y Zootec 8(1):85–98. https://doi.org/10.17151/vetzo.2014.8.1.6
Rosenfeld G (1947a) Corante pancrômico para hematologia e citologia clínica: nova combinação dos componentes do May-Grumwald e do Giemsa num só corante de emprego rápido. Mem Inst Butantan 20:329–334
Rosenfeld G (1947b) Método rápido de coloração de esfregaços de sangue. Noções práticas sobre corantes pancrômicos e estudo de diveros fatores. Mem Inst Butantan 20:315–328
Rosenfeld G, Hoehne L (1953) Studies on comparative hematology - I. Hematologic data of Myrmecophaga t. tridactyla L., 1758 (Tamaduá-bandeira) and Tamandua t. tetradactyla L., 1758 (Tamanduá-mirim). Mem Inst Butantan 25:41–52
Sanches TC, Miranda FR, Oliveira AS, Matushima ER (2013) Hematology values of captive giant anteaters (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) and collared anteaters (Tamandua tetradactyla). Pesq Vet Bras 33(4):557–560. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-736X2013000400022
Santos LC (1999) Valores de referência para exames laboratoriais. p.240. In: Santos LC (ed) Laboratório Ambiental, 20th ed. Cascavel Paraná
Satake F (2002) Hemograma e constituintes bioquímicos do sangue de tamanduás-bandeira (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) de vida livre e de cativeiro. Dissertation, Júlio de Mesquita Filho São Paulo State University
Stockham SL, Scott MA (2016) Leucócitos. p.77. In: Stockham SL, Scott MA (ed) Fundamentos de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, 2nd ed. Rio de Janeiro
Sunquist ME, Montgomery GG (1973) Activity patterns and rates of movement of two-toed and three-toed sloths (Choloepus hoffmanni and Bradypus infuscatus). J Mammal 54(4):946–954. https://doi.org/10.2307/1379088
Superina M, Mera y Sierra R (2008) Hematology and serum chemistry values in captive and wild pichis, Zaedyus pichiy (Mammalia, Dasypodidae). J Wildl Dis 44(4):902–910. https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-44.4.902
Thrall MA (2007) Morfologia das Hemácias. p.65–77. In: Thrall MA (ed) Hematologia e Bioquímica Clínica Veterinária, 2nd ed. São Paulo, Sao Paulo
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank anonymous referees for the detailed evaluation and for providing many useful recommendations, which helped to improve the manuscript.
Funding
This study received grants from Fundação o Boticário de Proteção à Natureza (0764_20072), Dortmund Zoo (42384442), and Aquário de São Paulo (2015/001). Other small grants were received from Halle Zoos and from Anteater, Sloths, and Armadillos Specialist Group–IUCN.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethical approval
Capture and sampling licenses granted by the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity–SisBio: authorization numbers: 125811, 125813, and 133813. Ethics Committee number: 032/20.
Informed consent
None.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Miranda, F.R., Molina, K.T., Silva, P.C. et al. First record of hematologic values in free-living silky anteaters (Cyclopes didactylus: Xenarthra: Cyclopedidae). Comp Clin Pathol 31, 169–173 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-021-03288-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-021-03288-z