Abstract
Cochlear implant is a commonly performed surgery for hearing loss in pre-school and school children. However, data on anesthesia management and anesthesia-related complications are sparse. We retrospectively reviewed the data of our institute from January, 2007 to December, 2012. Medical records and anesthesia charts of all the patients who had undergone cochlear implant under general anesthesia between this period were reviewed. Information related to the demographic profile, preoperative evaluation, anesthetic techniques, and perioperative complications were collected and analyzed. A total of 190 patients underwent cochlear implant surgery for pre-lingual (175) and post-lingual (15) deafness. General endotracheal anesthesia with inhalational agents was used in all the cases. Difficult intubation was encountered in three patients. Anesthesia-related complications were laryngospasm at extubation (4.73 %), emergence agitation (2.63 %), and postoperative nausea and vomiting (1.05 %). Major surgical complications were CSF leak without meningitis (3.15 %), device migration/failure (1.05 %), and flap infection (1.57 %). Cochlear implant under general anesthesia in small children is safe and anesthesia-related complications were minimal. Surgical complications, although more frequent, were predominantly minor and self-limiting.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Baidya DK, Dehran M. Anesthesia for cochlear implant surgery. Trends Anaesth Crit Care. 2011;1:90–4.
Yeh JS, Mooney KL, Gingrich T, Kim JT, Lalwani AK. Anesthetic complications in pediatric patients undergoing cochlear implant. Laryngoscope. 2011;121:2240–4.
Habib MG, Waltzman SB, Tajudeen B, Svirsky MA. Speech production intelligibility of early implanted pediatric cochlear implant users. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2010;74:855–9.
Philips B, Corthals P, De Raeve L, D'haenens W, Maes L, Bockstael A, Keppler H, Swinnen F, De Vel E, Vinck B, Dhooge I. Impact of newborn hearing screening: comparing outcomes in pediatric cochlear implant users. Laryngoscope. 2009;119:974–9
McJunkin J, Jeyakumar A. Complications in pediatric cochlear implants. Am J Otolaryngol. 2010;31:110–3.
Goel L, Bennur SK, Jambhale S. Treacher Collis syndrome—a challenge for anaesthesiologists. Indian J Anaesth. 2009;53:496–500.
Stallmer ML, Vanaharam V, Mashour GA. Congenital cervical spine fusion and airway management: a case series of Klippel-Feil syndrome. J Clin Anesth. 2008;20:447–51.
Glaser B. Pendred syndrome. Pediatr Endocrinol Rev. 2003;1(Suppl. 2):199–204.
Watanabe K, Hagiya K, Inomata S, Miyabe M, Tanaka M, Mizutani T. Bilateral vocal cord paralysis in a patient with chronic renal failure associated with Alport syndrome. J Anaesth. 2010;24:472–5.
Ilhan A, Tuncer C, Komsuoglu SS, Kali S. Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome: neurologic and cardiologic evaluation. Pediatr Neurol. 1999;21:809–13.
Jellis WS, Leonetti JP, Buoy CM, Sincacore JM, Sawicki KJ, Macken MP. Facial nerve electromyographic monitoring to predict movement in patients titrated to a standard anesthetic depth. Anesth Analg. 2009;109:551–8.
Wong I, John-Green C, Walker SM. Opioid-sparing effects of perioperative paracetamol and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in children. Pediatr Anesth. 2013;23:475–95.
Suresh S, Barcelona SL, Young NM, Heffner CL, Coté CJ. Does a pre-emptive block of the great auricular nerve improve postoperative analgesia in children undergoing tympanomastoid surgery? Anesth Analg. 2004;98:330–3.
Czarnecki ML, Ferrise AS, Jastrowski Mano KE, Garwood MM, Sharp M, Davies H, Weisman SJ. Parent/nurse-controlled analgesia for children with developmental delay. Clin J Pain. 2008;24:817–24.
Czarnecki ML, Salamon KS, Jastrowski Mano KE, Ferrise AS, Sharp M, Weisman SJ. A preliminary report of parent/nurse-controlled analgesia (PNCA) in infants and preschoolers. Clin J Pain. 2011;27:102–7.
Schultz A, Berger FA, Weber BP, Groven U, Niclaus O, Lüllwitz E, Schultz B. Intraoperative electrically elicited stapedius reflex threshold is related to the dosage of hypnotic drugs in general anesthesia. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2003;112:1050–5.
Crawford MW, White MC, Propst EJ, Zaarour C, Cushing S, Pehora C, James AL, Gordon KA, Papsin BC. Dose-dependent suppression of the electrically elicited stapedius reflex by general anesthetics in children undergoing cochlear implant surgery. Anesth Analg. 2009;108:1480–7.
Yeo J, Jung J, Ryu T, Jeon YH, Kim S, Baek W. Antiemetic efficacy of dexamethasone combined with midazolam after middle ear surgery. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2009;141:684–8.
Conflict of interest
None.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
About this article
Cite this article
Darlong, V., Khanna, P., Baidya, D.K. et al. Perioperative complications of cochlear implant surgery in children. J Anesth 29, 126–130 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00540-014-1878-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00540-014-1878-7