Abstract
Glendonites and seep-related carbonate bodies from the Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary interval of West Spitsbergen were studied using mineralogical, isotopic, and geochemical methods. The stratigraphic distribution of seep-related carbonate bodies and glendonites (pseudomorphs after ikaite, Ca(CO3)·6H2O) reveals that although they can be occasionally found close to each other, their formation differs through time. Seep carbonates are found in the Oxfordian, Kimmeridgian, Volgian, and Ryazanian deposits, while glendonites appear in the Valanginian–Hauterivian and Middle Aptian–Lower Albian deposits of West Spitsbergen. Furthermore, numerous appearances of seep carbonates correlate with warming and shelf dysoxic–anoxic events in the Arctic, while glendonite occurrences correlate with cooling events. The δ13C values obtained for seep-related carbonates and glendonite samples reflect mixed sources including thermogenic and biogenic methane, oil fractions, decomposing organic matter, and dissolved inorganic carbon. We assume the precipitation of seep carbonates was caused by methanogenesis and anaerobic oxidation of organic matter promoting dense communities of benthic organisms and carbonate precipitation in warm climatic condition. At the end of the Ryazanian, shallowing of the basin coupled with climate cooling led to decrease in methanogenesis and anaerobic decomposition of methane and organic matter. Locally, in areas of anaerobic organic matter oxidation under low bottom temperatures, ikaite crystallized.
Graphical abstract
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
Supplementary data to this article can be found online via link https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10124638 or from KV k.vasilyeva@spbu.ru.
References
Abay TB, Karlsen DA, Pedersen JH (2014) Source rocks at Svalbard: an overview of Jurassic and Triassic formations and comparison with offshore Barents sea time equivalent source rock formations. Search and discovery article #30372. https://www.searchanddiscovery.com/documents/2014/30372abay/ndx_abay
Abbink O, Targarona J, Brinkhuis H, Visscher H (2001) Late Jurassic to earliest Cretaceous palaeoclimatic evolution of the Northern Sea. Global Planet Change 30:231–256
Álvaro JJ, Holmer LE, Shen Y, Popov LE, Ghobadi PM, Zhang Z, Ahlberg P, Bauert H, González-Acebrón L (2022) Submarine metalliferous carbonate mounds in the Cambrian of the Baltoscandian Basin induced by vent networks and water column stratification. Sci Rep 12:8475. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-12379-y
Amano K, Kiel S, Hryniewicz K, Jenkins RG (2022) Bivalvia in ancient hydrocarbon seeps. In: Kaim A, Cochran JK, Landman NH (eds) Ancient hydrocarbon seeps, topics in geobiology. Springer, Cham, pp 267–321. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05623-9_10
Århus N (1992) Some dinoflagellate cysts from the Lower Cretaceous of Spitsbergen. Grana 31:305–314. https://doi.org/10.1080/00173139209429453
Bäckström SA, Nagy J (1985) Depositional history and fauna of a Jurassic phosphorite conglomerate (the Brentskardhaugen Bed) in Spitsbergen. Norsk Polarinstitutt, Oslo
Bang E, Nakrem HA, Little CTS, Kürschner W, Kelly SRA, Smelror M (2022) Palynology of early cretaceous (Barremian to Aptian) hydrocarbon (methane) seep carbonates and associated mudstones, Wollaston Forland, Northeast Greenland. Acta Palaeobot 62: 11–23. https://doi.org/10.35535/acpa-2022-0002
Baraboshkin EY (2002) Early Cretaceous seaways of the Russian Platform and the problem of Boreal/Tethyan correlation. In: Michalik J (ed) Tethyan/Boreal Cretaceous Correlation. Mediterranean and Boreal cretaceous paleobiogeographic areas in Central and Eastern Europe. Publishing House of Slovak Academy, Bratislava, pp 39–78
Bau M, Dulski P (1996) Anthropogenic origin of positive gadolinium anomalies in river waters. Earth Planet Sci Lett 143:245–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(96)00127-6
Beauchamp B, Savard M (1992) Cretaceous chemosynthetic carbonate mounds in the Canadian Arctic. Palaios 7:434. https://doi.org/10.2307/3514828
Beauchamp B, Harrison JC, Nassichuk WW, Krouse HR, Eliuk LS (1989) Cretaceous cold-seep communities and methane-derived carbonates in the Canadian Arctic. Science 244:53–56. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.244.4900.53
Campbell KA (2006) Hydrocarbon seep and hydrothermal vent paleoenvironments and paleontology: past developments and future research directions. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 232:362–407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.06.018
Conrad R (2023) Complexity of temperature dependence in methanogenic microbial environments. Front in Microbiol 14:1232946. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1232946
Dallmann WK (2015) Geoscience Atlas of Svalbard. Norsk Polarinstitutt
Derkachev AN, Nikolaeva NA, Mozherovsky AV, Grigor’eva TN, Ivanova ED, Pletnev SP, Barinov NN, Chubarov VM (2007) Mineralogical and geochemical indicators of anoxic sedimentation conditions in local depressions within the Sea of Okhotsk in the late Pleistocene-Holocene. Russ J Pac Geol 1:203–229. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1819714007030013
Domack EW, Halverson G, Willmott V, Leventer A, Brachfeld S, Ishman S (2007) Spatial and temporal distribution of ikaite crystals in Antarctic glacial marine sediments. U.S. Geol Surv Open File Rep. 1047
Dypvik H (1984) Jurassic and Cretaceous black shales of the Janusfjellet Formation, Svalbard, Norway. Sediment Geol 41:235–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/0037-0738(84)90064-2
Dypvik H, Nagy J, Eikeland TA, Backer-Owe K, Johansen H (1991) Depositional conditions of the Bathonian to Hauterivian Janusfjellet Subgroup, Spitsbergen. Sediment Geol 72:55–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/0037-0738(91)90123-U
Dzyuba OS, Izokh OP, Shurygin BN (2013) Carbon isotope excursions in Boreal Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary sections and their correlation potential. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 381:33–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.04.013
Ershova ES (1969) New records of Late Volgian ammonites in West Spitsbergen. Sci Rep NIIGA 26:52–67 (in Russian)
Ershova ES (1972) Hauterivian ammonites of Spitsbergen island. In: Mesozoic deposits of Svalbard. Leningrad, pp 90–99 (in Russian)
Feng D, Roberts HH (2011) Geochemical characteristics of the barite deposits at cold seeps from the northern Gulf of Mexico continental slope. Earth Planet Sci Lett 309(1–2):89–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2011.06.017
Feng D, Roberts H, Joye SB, Heidari E (2013) Formation of low-magnesium calcite at cold seeps in an aragonite sea. Terra Nova 26(2):150–156. https://doi.org/10.1111/ter.12081
Ge L, Jiang S-Y, Swennen R, Yang T, Wu N-Y, Liu J, Chen D-H (2010) Chemical environment of cold seep carbonate formation on the northern continental slope of South China Sea: Evidence from trace and rare earth element geochemistry. Mar Geol 277:21–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2010.08.008
Glazunova AE (1973) Palaeontological substantiation of stratigraphical subdivision of the Cretaceous deposits of the Volga area. Lower Cretaceous. Nedra, Moscow (in Russian)
Grasby SE, McCune GE, Beauchamp B, Galloway JM (2017) Lower Cretaceous cold snaps led to widespread glendonite occurrences in the Sverdrup Basin, Canadian High Arctic. Geol Soc Am Bull 129:771–787. https://doi.org/10.1130/B31600.1
Greinert J, Derkachev A (2004) Glendonites and methane-derived Mg-calcites in the Sea of Okhotsk, Eastern Siberia: implications of a venting-related ikaite/glendonite formation. Mar Geol 204:129–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(03)00354-2
Grøsfjeld K (1992) Palynological age constraints on the base of the Helvetiafjellet Formation (Barremian) on Spitsbergen. Polar Res 11:11–19. https://doi.org/10.3402/polar.v11i1.6713
Grundvåg SA, Jelby ME, Sliwinska KK, Nøhr-Hansen H, Aadland T, Sandvik SE, Tennvassås I, Engen T, Olaussen S (2019) Sedimentology and palynology of the Lower Cretaceous succession of central Spitsbergen: integration of subsurface and outcrop data. Nor J Geol 99(2):1–32. https://doi.org/10.17850/njg006
Hammer Ø, Nakrem HA, Little CTS, Hryniewicz K, Sandy MR, Hurum JH, Druckenmiller P, Knutsen EM, Høyberget M (2011) Hydrocarbon seeps from close to the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary, Svalbard. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 306:15–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.03.019
Himmler T, Bach W, Bohrmann G, Peckmann J (2010) Rare earth elements in authigenic methane-seep carbonates as tracers for fluid composition during early diagenesis. Chem Geol 277:126–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2010.07.015
Himmler T, Bayon G, Wangner D, Enzmann F, Peckmann J, Bohrmann G (2016) Seep-carbonate lamination controlled by cyclic particle flux. Sci Rep. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep37439
Hiruta A, Matsumoto R (2022) Geochemical comparison of ikaite and methane-derived authigenic carbonates recovered from Echigo Bank in the Sea of Japan. Mar Geol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2021.106672
Hoel A, Orvin AK (1937) Das Festnungsprofil auf Spitzbergen. Karbon—Kreide. 1. Vermessungsresultate. Skrifter om Svalbard og Ihsavet. Norsk Polarinstitutt, Skrifter 152
Hryniewicz K, Hagström J, Hammer Ø, Kaim A, Little CTS, Nakrem HA (2015) Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous hydrocarbon seep boulders from Novaya Zemlya and their faunas. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 436:231–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.06.036
Hryniewicz K, Little CTS, Nakrem HA (2014a) Bivalves from the latest Jurassic-earliest Cretaceous hydrocarbon seep carbonates from central Spitsbergen, Svalbard. Zootaxa 3859:1. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3859.1.1
Hryniewicz K, Nakrem HA, Hammer Ø, Little CTS, Kaim A, Sandy MR, Hurum JH (2014b) The palaeoecology of the latest Jurassic–Earliest Cretaceous hydrocarbon seep carbonates from Spitsbergen, Svalbard. Letheaia. https://doi.org/10.1111/let.12112
Huggett JM, Schultz BP, Shearman DJ, Smith AJ (2005) The petrology of ikaite pseudomorphs and their diagenesis. Proc Geol Assoc 116:207–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7878(05)80042-2
Kaplan ME (1979) Calcite pseudomorphs (pseudogaylussite, jarrowite, thinolite, glendonite, gennoishi, White Sea hornlets) in sedimentary rocks. Review of major localities. VINITI, p 39 (in Russian)
Kelly SRA, Blanc E, Price SP, Whitham AG (2000) Early Cretaceous giant bivalves from seep-related limestone mounds, Wollaston Forland, Northeast Greenland. Geol Soc Lond Spec Publ 177:227–246. https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.177.01.13
Kemper E, Schmitz HH (1981) Glendonite—Indikatoren des polarmarinen Ablagerungsmilieus. Geol Rundsch 70:759–773. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01822149
Kirschvink JL, Gaidos EJ, Bertani LE, Beukes NJ, Gutzmer J, Maepa LN, Steinberger RE (2000) Paleoproterozoic snowball Earth: Extreme climatic and geochemical global change and its biological consequences. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97(4):1400–1405
Koevoets MJ, Abay TB, Hammer Ø, Olaussen S (2016) High-resolution organic carbon–isotope stratigraphy of the Middle Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous Agardhfjellet Formation of central Spitsbergen, Svalbard. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 449:266–274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.02.029
Koevoets MJ, Hammer Ø, Olaussen S, Senger K, Smelror M (2018) Integrating subsurface and outcrop data of the Middle Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous Agardhfjellet Formation in central Spitsbergen. Nor J Geol. https://doi.org/10.17850/njg98-4-01
Kravchishina MD, Lein AY, Savvichev AS, Reykhard LE, Dara OM, Flint MV (2017) Authigenic Mg-calcite at a cold methane seep site in the Laptev Sea. Oceanology 57:174–191. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0001437017010064
Krylov A, Logvina E, Matveeva T, Prasolov E, Sapega V, Demidova A, Radchenko M (2015) Ikaite (CaCO3*6H2O) in bottom sediments of the Laptev Sea and the role of anaerobic methane oxidation in this mineralforming process. Zapiski RMO 4:61–75
Lavergne C, Aguilar-Muñoz P, Calle N, Thalasso F, Astorga-España MS, Sepulveda-Jauregui A, Martinez-Cruz K, Gandois K, Mansilla A, Chamy R, Barret M, Cabrol L (2021) Temperature differently affected methanogenic pathways and microbial communities in sub-Antarctic freshwater ecosystems. Environ Int. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2021.106575
Li J, Xu X, Liu C, Wu N, Sun Z, He X, Chen Y (2021) Active methanotrophs and their response to temperature in marine environments: an experimental study. J Mar Sci Eng. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9111261
Loyd SJ, Sample J, Tripati RE, Defliese WF, Brooks K, Hovland M, Torres M, Marlow J, Hancock LG, Martin R, Lyons T, Tripati AE (2016) Methane seep carbonates yield clumped isotope signatures out of equilibrium with formation temperatures. Nat Commun. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms12274
Mau S, Römer M, Torres ME, Bussmann I, Pape T, Damm E, Geprägs P, Wintersteller P, Hsu CW, Loher M, Bohrmann G (2017) Widespread methane seepage along the continental margin off Svalbard—from Bjørnøya to Kongsfjorden. Sci Rep. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep42997
McLennan SM (2001) Relationships between the trace element composition of sedimentary rocks and upper continental crust: trace element composition and the upper continental crust. Geochem Geophys Geosystems. https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GC000109
Mikhailova KY, Rogov MA, Ershova VB, Vasileva KY, Pokrovsky BG, Baraboshkin EY (2021a) New data on stratigraphy and distributions of glendonites from the Carolinefjellet Formation (Middle Aptian-Lower Albian, Cretaceous), Western Spitsbergen. Stratigr Geol Correl 29:21–35. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0869593821010056
Mikhailova K, Rogov M, Ershova V, Vereshchagin O, Shurekova O, Feodorova A, Zakharov V (2021b) Middle Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous glendonites from the eastern Barents Shelf as a tool for paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic reconstructions. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 579:110600. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2021.110600
Morales C, Rogov M, Wierzbowski H, Ershova V, Suan G, Adatte T, Föllmi KB, Tegelaar E, Reichart GJ, de Lange GJ, Middelburg JJ, van de Schootbrugge B (2017) Glendonites track methane seepage in Mesozoic polar seas. Geology 45:503–506. https://doi.org/10.1130/G38967.1
Muramiya Y, Yoshida H, Minami M, Mikami T, Kobayashi T, Sekiuchi K, Katsuta N (2022) Glendonite concretion formation due to dead organism decomposition. Sed Geol 429:106075. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2021.106075
Nagy J (1970) Ammonite faunas and stratigraphy of Lower Cretaceous (Albian) rocks in southern Spitsbergen. Norsk Polarinstitutt, Oslo
Nagy J, Lofaldy M, Backstrom SA (1988) Aspects of Foraminiferal distribution and depositional conditions in Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous shales in Eastern Spitsbergen. Abh Geol B-A 41:287–300
Nagy J, Reolid M, Rodríguez-Tovar FJ (2009) Foraminiferal morphogroups in dysoxic shelf deposits from the Jurassic of Spitsbergen. Polar Res 28:214–221. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.2009.00112.x
Pchelina TM (1965) Hauterivian Stage of West Spitsbergen. Dokl Akad Nauk SSSR, Earth Sci Sect 163(1–6):71–72
Pchelina TM (1967) Stratigraphy and some characteristics of the composition of Mesozoic sediments in the southern and eastern regions of West Spitsbergen. In: Materialy po stratigrafii Shpitsbergena, NIIGA, Leningrad, pp 121–158 (In Russian; English translation 1977, National Lending Library for Science and Technology, Boston Spa, England, pp 164–205)
Pchelina TM (1983) New materials on Mesozoic stratigraphy of Spitsbergen archipelago. In: Geology of Spitsbergen. NIIGA, Leningrad, pp 121–141 (in Russian)
Peckmann J, Thiel V (2004) Carbon cycling at ancient methane–seeps. Chem Geol 205:443–467. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2003.12.025
Peckmann J, Campbell KA, Walliser OH, Reitner J (2007) A Late Devonian hydrocarbon-seep deposits dominated by Dimerelloid Brachiopods, Morocco. Palaios 22:114–122. https://doi.org/10.2110/palo.2005.p05-115
Price GD, Nunn EV (2010) Valanginian isotope variation in glendonites and belemnites from Arctic Svalbard: Transient glacial temperatures during the Cretaceous greenhouse. Geology 38:251–254. https://doi.org/10.1130/G30593.1
Reijmer JG (2021) Marine carbonate factories: review and update. Sedimentology 68:1729–1796. https://doi.org/10.1111/sed.12878
Rogov MA (2010) New data on ammonites and stratigraphy of the Volgian Stage in Spitzbergen. Stratigr Geol Correl 18(5):505–531. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0869593810050047
Rogov MA (2014) An infrazonal ammonite biostratigraphy for the Kimmeridgian of Spitsbergen. Norw Petrol Direct Bull 11:153–165
Rogov MA (2020) Infrazonal ammonite biostratigraphy, paleobiogeography and evolution of Volgian craspeditid ammonites. Paleontol J 54(10):1189–1219. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0031030120100068
Rogov MA, Ershova VB, Shchepetova EV, Zakharov VA, Pokrovsky BG, Khudoley AK (2017) Earliest Cretaceous (late Berriasian) glendonites from Northeast Siberia revise the timing of initiation of transient Early Cretaceous cooling in the high latitudes. Cretac Res 71:102–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2016.11.011
Rogov MA, Zverkov NG, Zakharov VA, Arkhangelsky MS (2019) Marine reptiles and climates of the Jurassic and Cretaceous of Siberia. Stratigr Geol Correl 27:398–423. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0869593819040051
Rogov M, Shchepetova E, Zakharov V (2020) Late Jurassic–earliest Cretaceous prolonged shelf dysoxic–anoxic event and its possible causes. Geol Mag 157:1622–1642. https://doi.org/10.1017/S001675682000076X
Rogov M, Ershova V, Vereshchagin O, Vasileva K, Mikhailova K, Krylov A (2021) Database of global glendonite and ikaite records throughout the Phanerozoic. Earth Syst Sci Data 13:343–356. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-343-2021
Rogov M, Zakharov V, Kiselev D (2023) Refined ammonite and bivalve biostratigraphy of the Agardhfjellet and lowermost Rurikfjellet formations (Bathonian–Ryazanian) of the Longyearbyen area, Spitsbergen. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie Abhandlungen 309(2):169–198. https://doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/2023/1158
Sandy MR, Hryniewicz K, Hammer Ø, Nakrem HA, Little CTS (2014) Brachiopods from Late Jurassic—Early Cretaceous hydrocarbon seep deposits, central Spitsbergen, Svalbard. Zootaxa. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3884.6.1
Savard MM, Beauchamp B, Veizer J (1996) Significance of Aragonite Cements Around Cretaceous Marine Methane Seeps. J Sediment Res 66(3):430–438
Schulz S, Matsuyama H, Conrad R (1997) Temperature dependence of methane production from different precursors in a profundal sediment (Lake Constance). FEMS Microbiol Ecol 22(3):207–213. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.1997.tb00372.x
Shakirov R, Sorochinskaja AV, Yatsuk AV, Aksentov KI, Karabzov AA, Vovna VI, Osmushko IS, Korochentsev VV (2020) Ikaite in the methane anomaly zone on the continental slope of Japan. Bull Kamchatka Regional Assoc «Educ Sci Center» Earth Sci 46(2):72–84. https://doi.org/10.31431/1816-5524-2020-2-46-72-84
Śliwińska KK, Jelby ME, Grundvåg SA, Nøhr-Hansen H, Alsen P, Olaussen S (2020) Dinocyst stratigraphy of the Valanginian-Aptian Rurikfjellet and Helvetiafjellet formations on Spitsbergen, Arctic Norway. Geol Mag 157:1693–1714. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016756819001249
Song H, Wignall PB, Song H, Dai X, Chu D (2019) Seawater temperature and dissolved oxygen over the past 500 million years. J Earth Sci 30(2):236–243. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-018-1002-2
Teichert BMA, Luppold FW (2013) Glendonites from an Early Jurassic methane seep—Climate or methane indicators? Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 390:81–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.03.001
Thiagarajan N, Crémière A, Blättler C, Lepland A, Kirsimäe K, Higgins J, Brunstad H, Eiler J (2020) Stable and clumped isotope characterization of authigenic carbonates in methane cold seep environments. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 279:204–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2020.03.015
Tostevin R, Shields GA, Tarbuck GM, He T, Clarkson MO, Wood RA (2016) Effective use of cerium anomalies as a redox proxy in carbonate-dominated marine settings. Chem Geol 438:146–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2016.06.027
Vasileva KY, Rogov MA, Ershova VB, Pokrovsky BG (2019) New results of stable isotope and petrographic studies of Jurassic glendonites from Siberia. GFF 141:225–232. https://doi.org/10.1080/11035897.2019.1641549
Vasileva K, Vereshchagin O, Ershova V, Rogov M, Chernyshova I, Vishnevskaya I, Okuneva T, Pokrovsky B, Tuchkova M, Saphronova N, Kostrov Y, Khmarin E (2021) Marine diagenesis of ikaite: Implications from the isotopic and geochemical composition of glendonites and host concretions (Palaeogene–Neogene sediments, Sakhalin Island). Sedimentology 68:2227–2251. https://doi.org/10.1111/sed.12847
Vasileva K, Zaretskaya N, Ershova V, Rogov M, Stockli LD, Stockli D, Khaitov V, Maximov F, Chernyshova I, Soloshenko N, Frishman N, Panikorovsky T, Vereshchagin O (2022) New model for seasonal ikaite precipitation: evidence from White Sea glendonites. Mar Geol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2022.106820
Vickers ML, Price GD, Jerrett RM, Watkinson M (2016) Stratigraphic and geochemical expression of Barremian-Aptian global climate change in Arctic Svalbard. Geosphere 12:1594–1605. https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01344.1
Vickers M, Watkinson M, Price GD, Jerrett R (2018) An improved model for the ikaite-glendonite transformation: evidence from the Lower Cretaceous of Spitsbergen, Svalbard. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift. https://doi.org/10.17850/njg98-1-01
Vickers ML, Price GD, Jerrett RM, Sutton P, Watkinson MP, Fitzpatrick M (2019) The duration and magnitude of Cretaceous cool events: evidence from the northern high latitudes. Geol Soc Am Bull 131:1979–1994. https://doi.org/10.1130/B35074.1
Vickers ML, Vickers M, Rickaby REM, Wu H, Bernasconi SM, Ullmann CV, Bohrmann G, Spielhagen RF, Kassens H, Schultz PB, Alwmark C, Thibault N, Korte C (2022a) The ikaite to calcite transformation: Implications for palaeoclimate studies. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 334:201–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2022.08.001
Vickers ML, Vickers M, Rickaby REM, Wu H, Bernasconi SM, Ullmann CV, Bohrmann G, Spielhagen RF, Kassens H, Pagh Schultz B, Alwmark C, Thibault N, Korte C (2022b) The ikaite to calcite transformation: implications for palaeoclimate studies. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 334:201–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2022.08.001
Webb GE, Kamber BS (2000) Rare earth elements in Holocene reefal microbialites: a new shallow seawater proxy. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 64:1557–1565. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00400-7
Whiticar MJ (1999) Carbon and hydrogen isotope systematics of bacterial formation and oxidation of methane. Chem Geol 161:291–314. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(99)00092-3
Wierzbowski A, Hryniewicz K, Hammer Ø, Nakrem HA, Little CTS (2011) Ammonites from hydrocarbon seep carbonate bodies from the uppermost Jurassic—lowermost Cretaceous of Spitsbergen and their biostratigraphical importance. Neues Jb Geol Paläontol Abh 262:267–288. https://doi.org/10.1127/0077-7749/2011/0198
Williscroft K, Grasby SE, Beauchamp B, Little CTS, Dewing K, Birgel D, Poulton T, Hryniewicz K (2017) Extensive Early Cretaceous (Albian) methane seepage on Ellef Ringnes Island, Canadian High Arctic. Geol Soc Am Bull 129:788–805. https://doi.org/10.1130/B31601.1
Zaitsev AV, Pokrovsky BG (2014) Carbon and oxygen isotope compositions of Lower-Middle Ordovician carbonate rocks in the northwestern Russian platform. Lithol Miner Resour 49:283–291. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0024490214030079
Zakharov VA (1981) Buchiids and biostratigraphy of the boreal Upper Jurassic and Neocomian. In: Saks VN (ed) Transactions of institute of geology and geophysics 458. Nauka, Moscow, pp 1–330
Zakharov VA (1987) The Bivalve Buchia and the Jurassic-Cretaceous Boundary in the Boreal Province. Cretac Res 8:141-l53. https://doi.org/10.1016/0195-6671(87)90018-8
Zakharov VA, Rogov M (2003) Boreal-Tethyan Mollusk Migrations at the Jurassic-Cretaceous Boundary Time and Biogeographic Ecotone Position in the Northern Hemisphere. Stratigr Geol Correl 11(2):54–74
Zakharov VA, Rogov MA, Bragin NY (2010) Mesozoic of the Russian Arctic: stratigraphy, paleogeography, paleoclimate. In: Leonov YG (ed) Russia's contribution to the International Polar Year 2007/08. Structure and development history of lithosphere. Paulsen Editions, Moscow–St. Petersburg, pp 331–383
Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge the Resource Centre of X-ray diffraction studies of Saint-Petersburg State University for providing instrumental and computational resources. Mineralogical studies were supported by the Council for Grants of the President of the Russian Federation No. NSh-1462.2022.1.5 (for OV). Stratigraphic studies were supported by RSF grant no. 21-17-00245 (https://rscf.ru/project/21-17-00245/, for MR, KM. and VE). The authors thank Nikolay Zverkov (Geological Institute of RAS, Moscow) for preparation and photographing of figured bivalve specimens. We warmly thank our Norwegian colleagues (S. Olaussen, J. Hurum, and J. Holmlund) for their help during the field works. We are very grateful to Ulrich Riller, Editor-in-Chief of the International Journal of Earth Sciences, and to both reviewers, Bo P. Schultz and anonymous person, who contributed significantly to improve the quality of the manuscript. Special thanks to Dr. James Barnet for English language editing.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Vasileva, K., Rogov, M., Ershova, V. et al. Ikaite versus seep-related carbonate precipitation in the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous of West Spitsbergen: evidence for cold versus warm climates?. Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch) 113, 417–439 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-023-02380-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-023-02380-9