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Dike swarms of the west-central Arabian Shield: a key to its tectono-magmatic evolution

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Abstract

Dike swarms and structural lineaments were investigated in the Hada Alsham area, west-central Arabian Shield of Saudi Arabia, using remote sensing, field observations, and geochemical analysis techniques. SPOT-7 digital satellite data were employed in the analysis of these structural lineaments and dike swarms. The extracted orientations of the structural lineaments and dike swarms confirm that they are approximately identical, trending mainly in the NNW–WNW, NE–ENE, and E–W directions. Based on field observations and cross-cutting relationships, these dike swarms can be geochronologically arranged (from oldest to youngest) as mafic NNW- to WNW-trending dikes, mafic NE- to ENE-trending dikes, felsic NE-trending dikes, and local mafic E–W dikes. Major and trace elements geochemistry indicates that the studied dike swarms are basalt, basaltic andesite, and rhyolite in composition. Trace and REE diagrams, as well as their immobile elemental ratios of the studied dike swarms suggesting their formation in a typical intraoceanic island arc setting. In addition, the felsic NE dikes may represent extensive fractionation of the mafic magma from which the mafic NE dikes were formed because their incompatible elements signatures are almost similar. All dike swarms were likely emplaced between 620 and 576 Ma, and during the post-collisional extension and relaxation, following the amalgamation of terranes (island arcs) during the collision between the East and West Gondwana.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR), at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, under Grant no. (G:304-145-1440). The authors, therefore, gratefully acknowledge the DSR for technical and financial support. Additionally, the authors are deeply grateful to Dr. Mohamed Matsah (Faculty of Earth Sciences, King Abdulaziz University) for his insightful assistance during the fieldwork. The authors would like to express their gratitude to Prof. Ahmed Hassan for his help and support in editing and reviewing the revised version of the manuscript. The authors also would like to thank Dr M. Klausen and two other anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on the earlier and revised versions of the manuscript. Professor Wolf-Christian Dullo, the Editor-in-Chief, and JF Moyen, the Topic Editor, are also highly thanked for their comments and handling of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Structural Geology and Remote Sensing Department, Faculty of Earth Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80206, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia

    Haitham Baggazi & Abdelhamid El-Fakharani

  2. Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt

    Abdelhamid El-Fakharani

  3. Department of Geosciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates

    Kamal Ahmed Ali

  4. Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt

    Mohamed K. Elshafei

  5. Geoexploration Department, Faculty of Earth Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Adel Zein Bishta

  6. Nuclear Materials Authority, Cairo, Egypt

    Adel Zein Bishta

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  1. Haitham Baggazi
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  2. Abdelhamid El-Fakharani
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Correspondence to Abdelhamid El-Fakharani.

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Baggazi, H., El-Fakharani, A., Ali, K.A. et al. Dike swarms of the west-central Arabian Shield: a key to its tectono-magmatic evolution. Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch) 111, 1929–1945 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-022-02208-y

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