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Magnetic fabrics and emplacement mechanisms of Valpaços and Freixo de Numão Variscan granites (Northern Portugal)

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Abstract

The Valpaços (ValG) and Freixo de Numão (FNG) ilmenite-type granites, were studied to understanding ascent and emplacement mechanisms and deformation patterns evolution during the end of Variscan orogeny in Northeastern Portugal. Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility, microstructural and microfracturing studies were performed in both granites. The correlation between magnetic anisotropy and deformation pointed out that ValG magnetic fabric resulted from the combination of magmatic and tectonic fabrics, the last one less expressive. The magnetic lineations (K1) WNW–ESE trajectories suggesting an ascending and emplacement assisted by pre-existing Variscan structures with similar orientation. The ascent was enabled by the presence of these structures, even so the spreading of magma to south was forceful since the metasedimentary foliations are adapted to the granite. The circular trajectories defined by the vertical magnetic foliations suggest a symmetric laccolith shape intrusion for ValG. The FNG magnetic fabric mimics the magmatic fabric inherited during the passive ascent and emplacement. The magnetic fabric suggests an ascent and emplacement assisted by NW–SE structures. The magnetic lineations describe trajectories to NE and SW consistent with a NW–SE dyke feeder zone located near the SW part. The magnetic trajectories defined by the directional parameters suggest an asymmetric shape for the FNG, with its dome located in the NE part. The deformation patterns evolution showed that ValG displays ductile to brittle–ductile deformation and FNG shows ductile deformation, both developed during the crystallization. The brittle structures recorded in both granites allow to reconstruct the maximum compressive stress (sigma1) rotation from NE–SW to N–S and, later from NW–SE to WNW–ESE.

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Fig. 1

adapted from Martínez Catalán et al. 2014). b Ordovician and Variscan granites and major structures present in the Central and Northern of Portugal (adapted from Ferreira et al. 1987; Pereira et al. 1993; Hildenbrand et al. 2021). Small dashed squares represent the Valpaços (Fig. 2a) and Freixo de Numão (Fig. 2b) areas, respectively. Key: PTSZ Porto-Tomar shear zone, DBSZ Dúrico-Beirão shear zone, VRLSZ Vigo-Régua-Lamego shear zone, LRSZ Laza-Rebordelo shear zone, VISZ Vivero-Ifanes shear zone, BMSZ Bemposta-Moncorvo shear zone, JPCSZ Juzbado-Penalva do Castelo shear zone, PVF Penacova-Verín Fault, MVF Manteigas-Vilariça Fault

Fig. 2

adapted from Rodrigues et al. 2010 and Noronha et al. 2006) and b Freixo de Numão area (adapted from Ferreira da Silva et al. 1991). Small white circles represent the sampling sites

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Acknowledgements

This research was funded by the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), Grant Number SFRH/BD/115324/2016. This work is supported by national funding awarded by FCT—Foundation for Science and Technology, I.P., projects UIDB/04683/2020 and UIDP/04683/2020—ICT (Earth Sciences Institute, Porto Pole). The authors thank Department of Geosciences, Environment and Spatial Planning at the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto for making the laboratories available for carrying out the studies presented in this paper. The authors must thank the POCTEP- Interreg Project 0284_ESMIMET_3_E “Development of exploitation environmental and energy techniques in metallic mining” for the technical support. The authors thank Duarte Silva and José Carlos Oliveira for their help in the sampling and fieldwork, and Heloísa Ribeiro for the previous AMS results. The authors must thank Dr. Michel de Saint Blanquat and the two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions, which clearly improve the quality of the manuscript.

Funding

This research was funded by the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), Grant Number SFRH/BD/115324/2016.

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  1. Faculdade de Ciências, Departamento de Geociências, Universidade do Porto, Ambiente e Ordenamento de Território, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal

    Ana Gonçalves, Helena Sant’Ovaia, Helena Cristina Brites Martins & Fernando Noronha

  2. Departamento de Geociências, Instituto de Ciências da Terra, Polo Porto, Universidade do Porto, Ambiente e Ordenamento de Território, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal

    Ana Gonçalves, Helena Sant’Ovaia, Helena Cristina Brites Martins & Fernando Noronha

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Ana Gonçalves: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Formal analysis, Validation, Investigation, Resources, Data curation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review and editing, Visualization, Project administration. Helena Sant’Ovaia: Methodology, Software, Validation, Investigation, Resources, Data curation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review and editing, Visualization, Supervision, Project administration, Funding acquisition. Helena C.B. Martins: Methodology, Validation, Investigation Resources, Data curation, Writing—review and editing, Visualization, Supervision.Fernando Noronha: Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Investigation, Resources, Data curation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review and editing, Visualization, Funding acquisition.

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Gonçalves, A., Sant’Ovaia, H., Martins, H.C.B. et al. Magnetic fabrics and emplacement mechanisms of Valpaços and Freixo de Numão Variscan granites (Northern Portugal). Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch) 111, 1437–1468 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-022-02187-0

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