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REE mineralization related to carbonatites and alkaline magmatism in the northern Tarim basin, NW China: implications for a possible Permian large igneous province

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Abstract

Permian magmatism occurred widely in the Tarim basin and adjacent areas of NW China, resulting in the emplacement of numerous carbonatite plutons and alkaline rock intrusions, which are likely to have been derived from mantle sources. In addition, at least one large igneous province (LIP) can be recognized in NW China; namely, the ca. 270–290 Ma Tarim LIP, and it can be inferred that the peak age of magma activity is ~ 280 Ma. Therefore, the mantle plume is limited spatially within southern Tianshan and the Tarim Basin and temporally in the Early Permian. Age and field evidence suggest a spatial and temporal relationship between the carbonatites and alkaline rocks within the Tarim LIP, and their genesis is related to the Tarim mantle plume. In this paper, we direct our attention to the mineral assemblages that are related to carbonatites and alkaline rocks which host REE deposits (Wajilitag, Boziguoer) in the northern Tarim Craton. Alkaline rocks typically are related to rifts and/or extensional tectonics, and we suggest that these magmatic and metallogenic events occurred during an extensional regime, possibly related to the Tarim mantle plume event that affected much of South Tianshan during the Permian.

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Acknowledgements

We are indebted to Jingwen Mao, Bin Cui, Kezhang Qin, Lianchang Zhang, and Jianming Yang for thoughtful discussions. Many of the ideas in this paper were initiated and rectified during these discussions. Professor Li Jiliang has positively impacted the life and professional development of the authors and this article only commemorates his outstanding contribution to the cause of geology in China. This study was financially supported by funds of the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant Nos. 2018YFC0604004 and 2017YFC0601206).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Mineral Resource, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China

    Mingcai Xie, Wenjiao Xiao, Benxun Su, Songjian Ao, Jien Zhang, Dongfang Song, Zhiyong Zhang, Zhiyuan Li & Chunming Han

  2. College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Mingcai Xie, Wenjiao Xiao, Benxun Su, Zhiyuan Li & Chunming Han

  3. CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China

    Wenjiao Xiao & Chunming Han

  4. Department of Earth Science, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 58, Legon-Accra, Ghana

    Patrick Asamoah Sakyi

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  1. Mingcai Xie
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Correspondence to Chunming Han.

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Xie, M., Xiao, W., Su, B. et al. REE mineralization related to carbonatites and alkaline magmatism in the northern Tarim basin, NW China: implications for a possible Permian large igneous province. Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch) 111, 2759–2776 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-021-02138-1

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