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Petrology, geochemistry, and source of the emplacement model of the Paleoproterozoic Tiébélé Granite Pluton, Burkina Faso (West-Africa): contribution to mineral exploration

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Abstract

The Tiébélé Granite Pluton (TGP) and the associated Pink Granite (PG), in southern Burkina Faso (West-Africa), are investigated based on petrology, geochemistry, and geochronology, to establish their relationship with volcanic-hosted mineral occurrences and their intrinsic capability to build up ore-forming metallic components. They can then be classified into either productive/fertile or nonproductive/barren intrusions with an approach using specific elements, such as Mn, Y, Rb, Zr, Sr, and Ta, as well as other discriminants including Fe2O3, Zn, and Sr/Y relative to SiO2. The TGP occurs as the main, single phase pluton, with the minor PG phase, which crosscuts the TGP. The CIPW normative Ab-An-Or and ternary K-Ca-Na indicate metaluminous (A/CNK ~ 1) “trondhjemite” and “granite” compositions. The TGP, with ΣREE ~ 89–165 ppm, is relatively enriched in LREE (La to Eu), 10–100 times chondrite compared to HREE (Gd to Lu), 3–20 times chondrite, with a weak negative Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu* ~ 0.85–1.02). This is approximately parallel to the average of the upper crust (ΣREE ~ 144 ppm) that shows a moderate negative Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu* ~ 0.74). This trondhjemitic to granitic pluton is an oxidized I-type granite related to partial melting of basalt and andesite from oxidized sources (based on magnetic susceptibilities), within an ensialic volcanic arc setting. In contrast to the PG, which is clearly nonproductive, based on the Y versus MnO discrimination, s the TGP seems fertile for porphyry-related Cu-Au deposits. U–Pb data on zircon yielded ages of 2147 ± 12 Ma and 2121 ± 47 Ma, respectively, for TGP and PG, whereas the rhyolite that hosts Zn-Cu-Pb Volcanogenic Massive Sulfide (VMS) occurrences occurs in an extensional setting dated at 2156 ± 9 Ma, suggesting emplacement of the TGP pluton ~ 10 My later, possibly not synvolcanic to the volcanic package.

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Fig. 1

modified from Castaing et al. 2003) and location of the studied area; c Simplified Tiébélé geological map with the location of the Tiébélé Granite Pluton (TGP) and the Pink Granite (PG). 1-Foliation, 2- Fault, 3-Greenstone belt, 4-Tonalite trondhjemite and granodiorite, 5-Pink Granite (PG), 6-Tiébélé Granite Pluton (TGP), 7) Disseminated pyrite, 8) Pyrite and minor sphalerite, 9) > 0.5% Zn; 10 > 1% Zn; 11) 2–14% Zn. Coordinates in UTM WGS84-30P

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Fig. 8

modified by Christiansen and Keith (1996); e Th/Yb versus Ta /Yb diagram from Gorton and Schandl (2000), revised after Pearce (1983) is divided into three tectonic fields: oceanic arcs, active continental margins (ACM) and within-plate volcanic zones (WPVZ). The within-plate basalts (WPB) and mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB) represent zones previously defined by Pearce (1983); f Th/Ta vs Yb diagram showing that both granite are likely from WPVZ. Legend. VAG—volcanic arc granites (I-type), WPG—within-plate granites (A-type), Syn-COLG—syn-collision granites (S-type), and ORG—ocean ridge granites

Fig. 9

Source is from mantle or eclogite/tholeiitic basalts composition. PAG-Paleoproterozoic Amphibole Granitoid, PBG-Paleoproterozoic Biotite granitoid (e.g., Lompo 2009)

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Acknowledgements

This paper is part of the first author’s (HI) MSc thesis research with further geochronology and lithogeochemistry. The authors thank Hervé Bassono for his help in collecting rock samples in the field. The first author greets the memory of the late Ada Abel, who was previously the field labor. The Bureau of Consultancy TEGECO Sarl is warmly thanked for logistical support. We are grateful to the “Centre Missionnaire d’Accueil Delphine Marie Desiré de Koumbissiri” for its assistance during the preparation of the paper. We thank Prof. Dave Lentz for facilitating samples analysis since the beginning and dating the Tiébélé granite and help editing various versions of this manuscript. Prof. McFarlane Christopher significantly contributed in the interpretation of datation. Lenka Baratoux, Ingo Braun and anonymous reviewers are thanked for their significant contribution in improving the manuscript

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  1. Département des Sciences de la Terre, Laboratoire de Géosciences et Environnement, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021, Ouaga 03, Burkina Faso

    Hermann Ilboudo & Sâga Sawadogo

  2. Laboratoire de Géosciences et Environnement, Université de Fada N′Gourma, BP 54, Fada N′Gourma, Burkina Faso

    Nicolas Kagambega

  3. Département de Géologie, Faculté des Sciences-Ain Chock, Université Hassan II, BP 5366, Maarif, Casablanca, Morocco

    Toufik Remmal

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  1. Hermann Ilboudo
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  2. Sâga Sawadogo
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  3. Nicolas Kagambega
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  4. Toufik Remmal
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Correspondence to Hermann Ilboudo.

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Ilboudo, H., Sawadogo, S., Kagambega, N. et al. Petrology, geochemistry, and source of the emplacement model of the Paleoproterozoic Tiébélé Granite Pluton, Burkina Faso (West-Africa): contribution to mineral exploration. Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch) 110, 1753–1781 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-021-02039-3

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