Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Structure and chronology across the Achankovil terrain boundary shear zone system (South India), and its Madagascar connection in the Gondwanaland

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
International Journal of Earth Sciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In South India, the WNW-striking ~ 130-km-long Achankovil Shear Zone (AKSZ) separating the Trivandrum Block and the Madurai Block is speculated to continue within southern Madagascar in the East Gondwanaland. Two aspects continue to be debated, whether the AKSZ is a terrain boundary shear zone, and if so, when the accretion occurred. We present, for the first time, a detailed field-based analysis of contrasting mesoscale structures and deformation kinematics in the granulite facies rocks across the AKSZ. The mineralogical segregation layering (S2T) in the Trivandrum Block is sub-horizontal to gently inclined and describes F3T regional-scale open asymmetric WNW-trending sub-horizontal folds. By contrast, the S2M granulite facies layering in the Madurai Block describes regional-scale steeply plunging F3M folds. Both blocks share the NNW/NNE-trending sub-parallel sinistral and dextral S3 shears of the AKSZ. Deformation microstructures and garnet-bearing melt-hosted syn-S3 extensional shears attest to the persistence of high temperature during D2–D3 deformations. Monazite chemical dates and existing Pb–Pb zircon dates are overwhelmingly Pan-African in and across the AKSZ, but the Paleoproterozoic (2.1–1.8 Ga) dates in the Trivandrum Block, equivalent to those reported in Anosyan and Androyan domains of southern Madagascar, are lacking in the Madurai Block. By contrast, the Mid Neoproterozoic (800–750 Ma) Pb–Pb zircon dates in the Madurai Block, equivalent to the Antananarivo domain (Central Madagascar), are lacking in the Trivandrum Block. The structural–chronological contrasts between the two blocks suggest the AKSZ to be a Pan-African terrain boundary shear zone system that is continuous with the Ranotsara shear zone in Madagascar. [248]

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

All the data generated during this study are incorporated within the article and in the supplementary material provided along with the article. Citations of datasets used in Fig. 12 are provided in the figure itself.

References

  • Altenberger U (1992) Stress-induced natural transformation of ortho- to clinohypersthene in metagabbros of the Ivrea Zone, Northern Italy. Mineral Petrol 46:43–48

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Archibald DB, Collins AS, Foden JD, Payne JL, Taylor R, Holden P, Razakamanana T, Clark C (2015) Towards unravelling the Mozambique Ocean conundrum using a triumvirate of zircon isotopic proxies on the Ambatolampy Group, central Madagascar. Tectonophysics 662:167–182

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Archibald DB, Collins AS, Foden JD, Payne JL, Holden P, Razakamanana T, De Waele B, Thomas RJ, Pitfield PE (2016) Genesis of the tonian imorona-itsindro magmatic suite in central Madagascar: insights from U-Pb, oxygen and hafnium isotopes in zircon. Precambrian Res 281:312–337

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bartlett JM, Harris NBW, Hawkesworth CJ, Santosh M (1995) New isotope constraints on the crustal evolution of South India and Pan-African granulite metamorphism. Mem Geol Soc India 34:391–397

    Google Scholar 

  • Bartlett JM, Dougherty-Page JS, Harris NBW, Hawkesworth CJ, Santosh M (1998) The application of single zircon evaporation and model Nd ages to the interpretation of polymetamorphic terrains: an example from the Proterozoic mobile belt of South India. Contrib Mineral Petrol 131:181–195

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berger A, Gnos E, Schreurs G, Fernández A, Rakotondrazafy M (2006) Late Neoproterozoic, Ordovician and Carboniferous events recorded in monazites from southern-central Madagascar. Precambrian Res 144:278–296

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bhadra S, Das S, Bhattacharya A (2007) Shear Zone-hosted Migmatites (Eastern India): the Role of Dynamic Melting in the Generation of REE-depleted Felsic Melts, and Implications for Disequilibrium Melting. J Petrol 48:435–457

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bindu RS (1997) Granulite facies spinel cordierite assemblages from the Kerala Khondalite belt, Southern India. Gondwana Res 1:121–128

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bindu RS, Yoshida M, Santosh M (1998) Electron microprobe dating of monazite from the Chittikara granulite, South India: Evidence for polymetamorphic events. J Geosci 41:77–83

    Google Scholar 

  • Bingen B, van Breemen O (1998) U-Pb monazite ages in amphibolite-to-granulite-facies orthogneiss reflect hydrous mineral breakdown reactions: Sve-conorwegian Province of SW Norway. Contrib Mineral Petrol 132:336–353

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blereau E, Clark C, Taylor R, Johnson T, Fitzsimons I, Santosh M (2016) Constraints on the timing and conditions of high-grade metamorphism, charnockite formation and fluid-rock interaction in the Trivandrum Block, Southern India. J Metamorph Geol 34:527–549

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boger SD, Hirdes W, Ferreira CAM, Schulte B, Jenett T, Fanning CM (2014) From passive margin to volcano-sedimentary forearc: The Tonian to Cryogenian evolution of the Anosyen Domain of southeastern Madagascar. Precambrian Res 247:159–186

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bosch D, Hammer D, Bruguier O, Caby R, Luck J-M (2002) Monazite ‘“in situ”’ 207Pb/206Pb geochronology using a small geometry high-resolution ion probe: application to Archaean and Proterozoic rocks. Chem Geol 184:151–165

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brandt S, Raith M, Schenk V, Sengupta P, Srikantappa C, Gerdes A (2014) Crustal evolution of the Southern Granulite Terrane, south India: new geochronological and geochemical data for felsic orthogneisses and granites. Precambrian Res 246:92–122

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Braun I (2006) Pan-African granitic magmatism in the Kerala Khondalite Belt, southern India. J Asian Earth Sci 28:38–45

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Braun I, Appel P (2006) U-Th-total Pb dating of monazite from orthogneisses and their ultra-high temperature metapelitic enclaves: implications for the multistage tectonic evolution of the Madurai Block, southern India. Eur J Mineral 18:415–427

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Braun I, Brocker M (2004) Monazite dating of granitic gneisses and leucogranties from the Kerala Khondalite Belt, southern India: implications for Late Proterozoic crustal evolution in East Gondwana. Int J Earth Sci 93:13–22

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Braun I, Kriegsman LM (2003) Proterozoic crustal evolution of southernmost India and Sri Lanka. Geol Soc Spec Publ 206:169–202

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Braun I, Raith M, Ravindra Kumar GR (1996) Dehydration melting phenomena in leptynitic gneisses and the generation of leucogranites: a case study from the Kerala Khondalite Belt, Southern India. J Petrol 37:1285–1305

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Braun I, Montel JM, Nicollet C (1998) Electron microprobe dating of monazites from high-grade gneisses and pegmatites of the Kerala Khondalite Belt, southern India. Chem Geol 146:65–85

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Braun I, Cenki-Tok B, Paquette JL, Tiepolo M (2007) Petrology and U-Th-Pb geochronology of the sapphirine– quartz-bearing metapelites from Rajapalayam, Madurai block, Southern India: Evidence for polyphaser Neoproterozoic high-grade metamorphism. Chem Geol 241:129–147

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown M, Raith M (1996) First evidence of ultrahigh temperature decompression from the granulite province of southern India. J Geol Soc Lond 153:819–822

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown M, Solar GS (1998) Granite ascent and emplacement during contractional deformation in convergent orogens. J Struct Geol 20:1365–1393

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bruguier O, Bosch D, Pidgeon RT, Byrne DI, Harris LB (1999) U-Pb chronology of the Northampton Complex, Western Australia–evidence for Grenvillian sedimentation, metamorphism and deformation and geodynamic implications. Contrib Mineral Petrol 136:258–272

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cenki B, Kriegsman LM (2005) Tectonics of the Neoproterozoic southern granulite terrain, South India. Precambrian Res 138:37–56

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cenki B, Braun I, Brocker M (2004) Evolution of the continental crust in the Kerala Khondalite Belt, southernmost India: Evidence from Nd isotope mapping, U-Pb and Rb-Sr geochronology. Precambrian Res 134:275–292

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cenki-Tok B, Berger A, Gueydan F (2016) Formation and preservation of biotite-rich microdomains in high-temperature rocks from the Antananarivo Block, Madagascar. Int J Earth Sci 105:1471–1483

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • CGS, 2009b. Map Explanation of 1:100,000 scale sheets (Zone F) G41 - Ambohipaky, H41 - Bevary, G42 - Mangoboky, H42 - Bekodoka, G43 - Andolamasa, H43 - Andrafialava and parts of G40 - Ankasakasa, F40 - Saint-Andre, F41 - Betsalampy, H40 - Maroboaly-Sud, I40 - Soalala-Sud, I41 - Andranomavo, F42 - MarovoayKely, I42 - Mahabe, F43 - Bebao, F44 - Antranogoaika, G44 - Morafeno, I43 - Ampoza, H44 - Bemolanga and I44 - Makaraingo. Ministère de L’Energieet des Mines - Project de Gouvernance des RessourcesMinérales, Antananarivo, Madagascar and Council for Geoscience, Pretoria, South Africa

  • CGS, 2009a. Map Explanation of 1:100 000 scale (Zone E) Sheets I46 - Ambararata, J46 - Beopoaka, 47 - Itondy, J47 - Belobaka, K47 - Ambatofotsy, I48 - Miandrivazo, J48 - Betrondro, K48 - Ambatondradama, I49 - Ankotrofotsy, J49 - Dabolava, K49 - Anjoma-Ramartina, L49 - Vasiana, M49 - Ankazomiriotra, N49 - Antsirabe. RepubliquedeMadagscar, Ministere de L’Energie et des Mines - Project de Gouvernance des Ressources Minérales, Antananarivo, Madagascar and Council for Geoscience, Pretoria, South Africa.

  • Chacko T, Ravindra Kumar GR, Newton RC (1987) Metamorphic P-T conditions of the Kerala (South India) Khondalite belt: a granulite-facies supracrustal terrain. J Geol 96:343–358

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chacko T, Ravindra Kumar GR, Meen JK, Rogers JJ (1992) Geochemistry of high-grade supracrustal rocks from the Kerala Khondalite Belt and adjacent massif charnockites, South India. Precambrian Res 55:469–489

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chacko T, Lamb M, Farquhar J (1996) Ultra-high temperature metamorphism in the Kerala Khondalite Belt. Gondwana Res Group Mem 3:157–165

    Google Scholar 

  • Cherniak DJ, Watson EB, Grove M, Harrison TM (2004) Pb diffusion in monazite: a combined RBS/SIMS study. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 68:829–840

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chetty TRK (1996) Proterozoic shear zones in Southern Granulite Terrain, India. Arch Proterozoic Terrains South India East Gondwana 3:77–89

    Google Scholar 

  • Chetty TRK (2017) The Southern Granulite. Terrain 2:1–83

    Google Scholar 

  • Choudhary AK, Harris NBW, Van Calsteren P, Hawkesworth CJ (1992) Pan-African charnockite formation in Kerala, South India. Geol Mag 129:257–264

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cocherie A, Legendre O, Peucat JJ, Kouamelan AN (1998) Geochronology of polygenetic monazites constrained by in situ electron microprobe Th-U-total lead determination: implications for lead behaviour in monazite. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 14:2475–2497

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Collins AS (2000) The tectonic evolution of Madagascar: its place in the East African Orogen. Gondwana Res 3:549–552

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Collins AS (2006) Madagascar and the amalgamation of Central Gondwana. Gondwana Res 9:3–16

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Collins AS, Windley BF (2002) The Tectonic Evolution of Central and Northern Madagascar and Its Place in the Final Assembly of Gondwana. J Geol 110:325–339

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Collins AS, Fitzsimons ICW, Hulscher B, Razakamanana T (2003) Structure of the eastern margin of the East African Orogen in central Madagascar. Precambrian Res 123:111–133

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Collins AS, Santosh M, Braun I, Clark C (2007) Age and sedimentary provenance of the Southern Granulites, South India: U-Th-Pb SHRIMP secondary ion mass spectrometry. Precambrian Res 155:125–138

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Collins AS, Kinny PD, Razakamanana T (2012) Depositional age, provenance and metamorphic age of metasedimentary rocks from Southern Madagascar. Gondwana Res 21:353–361

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Collins AS, Clark C, Plavsa D (2014) Peninsular India in Gondwana: the tectonothermal evolution of the Southern Granulite Terrain and its Gondwanan counterparts. Gondwana Res 25:190–203

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cox R, Coleman DS, Chokel CB, De Oreo SB, Wooden JL, Collins AS, De Waele B, Kröner A (2004) Proterozoic tectonostratigraphy and paleogeography of central Madagascar derived from detrital zircon U-Pb age populations. J Geol 112:379–400

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • de Wit MJ, Ghosh JG, Bowring SA, Ashwal LD (1998) Late Neoproterozoic shear zones in Madagascar and India: Gondwana life-lines. J Afr Earth Sci 27:58

    Google Scholar 

  • de Wit MJ, Bowring SA, Ashwal LD, Randrianasolo LG, Morel VPI, Rambeloson RA (2001) Age and tectonic evolution of Neoproterozoic ductile shear zones in southwestern Madagascar, with implications for Gondwana studies. Tectonics 20:1–45

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deshmukh T, Prabhakar N, Bhattacharya A, Madhavan K (2017) Late Paleoproterozoic clockwise P-T history in the Mahakoshal Belt, Central Indian Tectonic zone: implications for Columbia supercontinent assembly. Precambrian Res 298:56–78

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Drury SA, Holt RW (1980) The tectonic framework of the south India craton: a reconnaissance involving Landsat imagery. Tectonophysics 65:1–15

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Drury SA, Harris NBW, Holt RW, Reeves-Smith GJ, Wightman RT (1984) Precambrian tectonics and crustal evolution in South India. J Geol 92:3–20

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Emmel B, Jons N, Kroner A, Jacobs J, Wartho JA, Schenk V, Razakamanana T, Austegard A (2008) From closure of the Mozambique Ocean to Gondwana breakup: new evidences from geochronological data of the Vohibory terrane, SW Madagascar. J Geol 116:21–38

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Endo T, Toshiaki T, Santosh M, Shimizu H, Shaji E (2013) Granulite formation in a Gondwana fragment: petrology and mineral equilibrium modeling of incipient charnockite from Mavadi, southern India. Mineral Petrol 107:727–738

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Endo T, Tsunogae T, Santosh M, Shaji E, Rambeloson RA (2017) Petrogenesis of incipient charnockite in the Ikalamavony sub-domain, south-central Madagascar: New insights from phase equilibrium modeling. Lithos 282:43–446

    Google Scholar 

  • Fernandez C, Diaz-Azpiroz M (2009) Triclinic transpression zones with inclined extrusion. J Struct Geol 31:1255–1269

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fossen H, Tikoff B (1998) Extended models of transpression and transtension, and application to tectonic settings. In: Continental Transpressional and Transtensional Tectonics (Eds. Holdsworth RE, Strachan RA, and Dewey JF). Geol Soc Lond Spec Publ 135:15–33.

  • GAF-BGR, (2008c), Final report. Explanatory notes for the Anosyen Domain southeast Madagascar. Réalisation des travaux de cartographiegéologique de Madagascar, révisionapprofondie de la cartographiegéologique et minière aux échelles 1/100,000 et 1/500,000 zone Sud. Republique de Madagascar, Ministère de L’energie et des Mines (MEM/SG/DG/UCP/PGRM), 93.

  • GAF-BGR, (2008d), Final report. Explanatory notes for the Androyen Domain southern Madagascar. Réalisation des travaux de cartographiegéologique de Madagascar, révisionapprofondie de la cartographiegéologique et minière aux échelles 1/100,000 et 1/500,000 zone Sud. Republique de Madagascar, Ministère de L’energie et des Mines (MEM/SG/DG/UCP/PGRM), 81.

  • Ghosh SK (2001) Types of transpressional and transtensional deformation. Geol Soc Am Mem 193:1–20

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghosh JG, de Wit MJ, Zartman RE (2004) Age and tectonic evolution of Neoproterozoic ductile shear zones in the Southern Granulite Terrain of India, with implications for Gondwana studies. Tectonics 23:3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Giese J, Berger A, Schreurs G, Gnos E (2011) The timing of tectonometamorphic evolution at the Neoproterozoic-Phanerozoic boundary in central southern Madagascar. Precambrian Res 185:131–148

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Handke M, Tucker RD, Ashwal LD (1999) Neoproterozoic continental arc magmatism in west central Madagascar. Geology 27:351–354

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harley SL, Nandakumar V (2014) Accessory mineral behaviour in granulite migmatites: a case study from the Kerala Khondalite Belt, India. J Petrol 55:1965–2002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harris NBW, Holt RW, Drury SA (1982) Geobarometry, geothermometry and late archean geotherms from the granulite facies terrain of South India. J Geol 90:509–527

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harris NBW, Santosh M, Taylor PN (1994) Crustal evolution in South India: constraints from Nd isotopes. J Geol 102:1339

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holder RM, Hacker BR, Horton F, Rakotondrazafy AM (2018) Ultrahigh-temperature osumilite gneisses in southern Madagascar record combined heat advection and high rates of radiogenic heat production in a long-lived high-T orogeny. J Metamorph Geol 36:855–880

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holland TH (1900) The charnockite series, a group of hypersthenic rocks in peninsular India. Geol Soc India 28:119–249

    Google Scholar 

  • Holtzman BK, Kohlstedet DL, Morgan AP (2005) Viscous energy dissipation and strain partitioning in partially molten rocks. J Petrol 46:2569–2592

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Horton F, Hacker BR, Kylander-Clark ARC, Holder RM, Jons N (2016) Focused radiogenic heating of middle crust caused ultrahigh temperatures in southern Madagascar. Tectonics 35:293–314

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hrushikesh H, Prabhakar N, Bhattacharya A (2019) Mesoproterozoic P-T-t-d history in the Vinjamuru domain, Nellore schist belt (SE India), and implications for SE India-East Antarctica correlation. Precambrian Res 327:273–295

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ichiki T, Ishikawa M, Kimura JI, Senda R, Rakotondrazafy R (2015) Crustal assembly of the Antananarivo and Masora domains, central–eastern Madagascar: constraints from U-Pb zircon geochronology and whole-rock geochemistry of meta-granitoids. J Mineral Petrol Sci 110:111–125

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ishwar-Kumar C, Sajeev K, Windley BF, Kusky TM, Feng P, Ratheesh-Kumar RT, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Jiang X, Razakamanana T, Yagi K (2014) Evolution of high-pressure mafic granulites and pelitic gneisses from NE Madagascar: tectonic implications. Tectonophysics 662:219–242

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ito M, Suzuki K, Yogo S (1997) Cambrian granulite to upper amphibolite facies metamorphism of post-797 Ma sediments in Madagascar. J Earth Planet Sci 44:89–102

    Google Scholar 

  • Jayananda M, Janardhan AS, Sivasubramanian P, Peucat JJ (1995) Geochronologic and isotopic constraints on granulite formation in the Kodaikanal Area, Southern India. Geol Soc India Mem 34:373–390

    Google Scholar 

  • JICA (Japanese International Cooperation Agency) (2012). Results of SHRIMP dating in the Survey Area (Ishizaki, Shunichi), Final Report of U–Pb Geochronology, Project de Gouvernance des Ressources Minerales, Madagascar (PGRM): Geological Mapping and Mineral Information System Project for the Ministère de l’Energie et des Mines (MEM/SG/DG/UCP/PGRM), 55.

  • Jons N, Schenk V (2008) Relics of the Mozambique Ocean in the central East African Orogen: evidence from the Vohibory Block of southern Madagascar. J Metamorph Geol 26:17–28

    Google Scholar 

  • Jons N, Schenk V (2011) The ultrahigh temperature granulites of southern Madagascar in a polymetamorphic context: implications for the amalgamation of the Gondwana supercontinent. Eur J Mineral 23:127–156

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kalt A, Corfu F, Wijbrans JR (2000) Time calibration of a P-T path from a Variscan high-temperature low-pressure metamorphic complex (Bayerische Wald, Germany), and the detection of inherited monazite. Contrib Mineral Petrol 138:143–163

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Konečný P, Kusiak MA, Dunkley DJ (2018) Improving U-Th-Pb electron microprobe dating using monazite age references. Chem Geol 484:22–35

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kriegsman LM (1995) The Pan-African event in East Antarctica: a view from Sri Lanka and the Mozambique Belt. Precambrian Res 75:263–277

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kroner A, Braun I, Jeakel P (1996) Zircon geochronology anatectic melts and residues from a high-grade politic assemblage at Ihosy, southern Madagascar: Evidence for Pan-African granulite metamorphism. Geol Mag 133:311–322

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kroner A, Hegner E, Collins AS, Windley BF, Brewer TS, Razakamanana T, Pidgeon RT (2000) Age and magmatic history of the Antananarivo block, Central Madagascar, as derived from zircon geochronology and Nd isotopic systems. Am J Sci 300:251–288

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kroner A, Santosh M, Hegner E, Shaji E, Geng H, Wong J, Xie H, Wan Y, Shang CK, Liu D, Sun M (2015) Palaeoproterozoic ancestry of Pan-African high-grade granitoids in southernmost India: implications for Gondwana reconstructions. Gondwana Res 27:1–37

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li SS, Santosh M, Indu G, Shaji E, Tsunogae T (2016) Detrital zircon geochronology of quartzites from the southern Madurai Block, India: implications for Gondwana reconstruction. Geosci Front 8:851–867

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ludwig KR (2003) User’s Manual for ISOPLOT/3.00: A Geochronological Toolkit for Microsoft Excel, Berkeley Geochronology Centre Special Publication 4:71.

  • Manimaran G (2014) Finite Strain Patterns and Transpression Regime of Achankovil Shear Zone, South India and their implications in Gondwana reconstructions. Front Geosci 2:23–29

    Google Scholar 

  • Markl G (2000) Metamorphic evolution of Pan-African granulite facies metapelites from Southern Madagascar. Precambrian Res 102:47–68

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martelat JE, Lardeaux JM, Nicollet C, Rakotondrazafy R (2000) Strain pattern and late Precambrian deformation history in southern Madagascar. Precambrian Res 102:1–20

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mecklenburgh J, Rutter EH (2003) On the rheology of partially molten synthetic granite. J Struct Geol 25:1575–1585

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meert JG, Lieberman BS (2004) A palaeomagnetic and palaeobiogeographical perspective on latest Neoproterozoic and early Cambrian tectonic events. J Geol Soc Lond 161:477–487

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Merlet C (1992) Quantitative electron probe microanalysis: new accurate ϕ(ρz) description. Electron microbeam analysis 12:107–115

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miller JS, Santosh M, Pressley RA, Clements AS, Rogers JJW (1997) A Pan-African thermal event in southern India. J Southeast Asian Earth Sci 14:127–136

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Montel JM, Foret S, Veschambre M, Nicollet C, Provost A (1996) Electron micro-probe dating of monazite. Chem Geol 131:37–53

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morteani G, Kostitsyn YA, Gilg HA, Preinfalk C, Razakamanana T (2013) Geochemistry of phlogopite, diopside, calcite, anhydrite and apatite pegmatites and syenites of southern Madagascar: evidence for crustal silicocarbonatitic (CSC) melt formation in a Pan-African collisional tectonic setting. Int J Earth Sci 102:627–645

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nandakumar V, Harley SL (2000) A reappraisal of the pressure-temperature path of granulites from the Kerala Khondalite belt, southern India. J Geol 108:687–703

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nandakumar V, Harley SL (2018) Geochemical signatures of mid-crustal melting processes and heat production in a hot orogen: The Kerala Khondalite Belt, Southern India. Lithos 324:479–500

    Google Scholar 

  • Paquette JL, Nedelec A, Moine B, Rakotondrazafy M (1994) U-Pb single zircon evaporation and Sm-Nd isotopic study of a granulite domain in SE Madagascar. J Geol 102:523–538

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Plavsa D, Collins AS, Foden JF, Kropinski L, Santosh M, Chetty TRK, Clark C (2012) Delineating crustal domains in Peninsular India: age and chemistry of orthopyroxene-bearing felsic gneisses in the Madurai Block. Precambrian Res 198:77–93

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Plavsa D, Collins AS, Payne JL, Foden JD, Clark C, Santosh M (2014) Detrital zircons in basement metasedimentary protoliths unveil the origins of southern India. Geol Soc Am Bull 126:791–812

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prabhakar N (2013) Resolving poly-metamorphic Paleoarchean ages by chemical dating of monazites using multi-spectrometer U, Pb and Th analyses and sub-counting methodology. Chem Geol 347:255–270

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prakash D (2010) New SHRIMP U-Pb Zircon ages of metapelitic granulites from NW of Madurai, Southern India. J Geol Soc India 76:371–383

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Praveen MN, Santosh M, Yang QY, Zhang ZC, Huang H, Singanenjam S, Sajinkumar KS (2014) Zircon U-Pb geochronology and Hf isotope of felsic volcanics from Attappadi, southern India: implications for Neoarchean convergent margin tectonics. Gondwana Res 26:907–924

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • precision and accuracy of monazite microprobe ages. Am Mineral 90:547–577.

  • Pyle JM, Spear FS, Wark DA, Daniel CG, Strom LC (2005) Contributions to

  • Radhakrishna T, Mathai J, Yoshida M (1990) Geology and structure of the high-grade rocks from Punalur-Achankovil sector, south India. J Geol Soc India 35:263–272

    Google Scholar 

  • Raharimahefa T, Kusky TM (2010) Temporal evolution of the Angavo and related shear zones in Gondwana: Constraints from LA-MC-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon ages of granitoids and gneiss from central Madagascar. Precambrian Res 182:30–42

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raharimahefa T, Kusky TM, Toraman E, Rasoazanamparany C, Rasaonina I (2013) Tectonophysics Geometry and kinematics of the late Proterozoic Angavo Shear Zone, Central Madagascar: Implications for Gondwana Assembly. Tectonophysics 592:113–129

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raith M, Raase P, Ackermand D, Lal RK (1983) Regional geothermobarometry in the granulite facies terrane of S. India. Earth Environ Sci Trans Royal Soc Edinburgh 73:211–244

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raith M, Karmakar S, Brown M (1997) Ultra-high temperature metamorphism and multistage decompressional evolution of sapphirine granulites from the Palani hill ranges, southern India. J Metamorph Geol 15:379–399

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raith M, Rakotondrazafy R, Sengupta P (2008) Petrology of corundum-spinel-sapphirine-anorthite rocks (sakenites) from the type locality in southern Madagascar. J Metamorph Geol 26:647–667

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rajesh KG, Chetty TRK (2006) Structure and tectonics of the Achankovil Shear Zone, southern India. Gondwana Res 10:86–98

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rajesh HM, Santosh M, Yoshida M (1996) The felsic magmatic province in East Gondwana: implications for Pan-African tectonics. J Southeast Asian Earth Sci 14:275–291

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rajesh HM, Santosh M, Yoshida M (1998) Dextral Pan-African shear along the southwestern edge of the Achankovil shear belt, south India: constraints on Gondwana reconstructions: A discussion. J Geol 106:105–114

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rajesh VJ, Arima M, Santosh M (2004) Dunite, glimmerite and spinellite in Achankovil Shear Zone, South India: highly potassic CO2-rich melt influx along an intra-continental shear zone. Gondwana Res 7:961–974

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ratheesh-Kumar RT, Ishwar-Kumar C, Windley BF, Razakamanana T, Nair RR, Sajeev K (2015) India-Madagascar paleo-fit based on flexural isostasy of their rifted margins. Gondwana Res 28:581–600

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ratheesh-Kumar RT, Santosh M, Yang QY, Ishwar-Kumar C, Chen NS, Sajeev K (2016) Archean tectonics and crustal evolution of the Biligiri Rangan Block, Southern India. Precambrian Res 275:406–428

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ratheesh-Kumar RT, Windley BF, Xiao WJ, Jia XL, Mohanty DP, Zeba-Nezrin FK (2020) Early growth of the Indian lithosphere: Implications from the assembly of the Dharwar Craton and adjacent granulite blocks, southern India. Precambrian Res 336:105491

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ravindra Kumar GR, Sreejith C (2016) Petrology and geochemistry of charnockites (felsic ortho-granulites) from the Kerala Khondalite Belt, Southern India: Evidence for intra-crustal melting, magmatic differentiation and episodic crustal growth. Lithos 262:334–354

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ravindra Kumar GR, Rajendran CP, Prakash TN (1990) The Kerala khondalite belt, in Excursion Guide Charnockite Khondalite belt and Tertiary Quaternary sequences of south Kerala. Geol Soc India.

  • Reeves CV, de Wit MJ (2000) Making ends meet in Gondwana: retracing the transforms of the Indian Ocean and reconnecting shear zones. Terra Nova 12:272–280

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rekha S, Bhattacharya A, Chatterjee N (2014) Tectonic restoration of the Precambrian crystalline rocks along the west coast of India: Correlation with eastern Madagascar in East Gondwana. Precambrian Res 252:191–208

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenberg CL, Handy MR (2000) Synthectonic melt pathways during simple shearing of a partially molten rock analogue (norcamphor–benzamide). J Geophys Res Solid Earth 105:3135–3149

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sacks PE, Nambiar CG, Walters LJ (1997) Dextral Pan-African Shear along the Southwestern Edge of the Achankovil Shear Belt, South India: Constraints on Gondwana Reconstructions. J Geol 105:275–284

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sajeev K, Osanai Y, Santosh M (2004) Ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism followed by two-stage decompression of garnet-orthopyroxene-sillimanite granulites from Ganguvarpatti, Madurai Block, Southern India. Contrib Mineral Petrol 148:29–46

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sajeev K, Santosh M, Kim HS (2006) Partial melting and P-T evolution of the Kodaikanal Metapelite Belt, southern India. Lithos 92:465–483

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Samuel VO, Santosh M, Liu S, Wang W, Sajeev K (2014) Neoarchean continental growth through arc magmatism in the Nilgiri Block, southern India. Precambrian Res 245:146–173

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Santosh M, Kagami H, Yoshida M, Nandakumar V (1992) Pan-African charnockite formation in East Gondwana: geochronologic (Sm-Nd and Rb-Sr) and petrogenetic constraints. Bull Indian Geol Assoc 25:1–10

    Google Scholar 

  • Santosh M, Jackson DH, Harris NBW (1993) The Significance of Channel and Fluid-Inclusion CO2 in Cordierite: Evidence from Carbon Isotopes. J Petrol 34:233–258

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Santosh M, Yokoyama K, Biju-sekhar S, Rogers JJW (2003) Multiple tectono-thermal events in the granulite blocks of southern India revealed from EPMA dating: implications on the history of supercontinents. Gondwana Res 6:29–63

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Santosh M, Tanaka K, Yokoyama K, Collins AS (2005) Late Neoproterozoic-Cambrian felsic magmatism along transcrustal shear zones in southern India: U-Pb electron microprobe ages and implications for the amalgamation of the Gondwana supercontinent. Gondwana Res 8:31–42

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Santosh M, Collins AS, Morimoto T, Yokoyama K (2005) Depositional constraints and age of metamorphism in southern India: U-Pb chemical (EMPA) and isotopic (SIMS) ages from the Trivandrum Block. Geol Mag 142:255–268

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Santosh M, Morimoto T, Tsutsumi Y (2006) Geochronology of the khondalite belt of Trivandrum Block, Southern India: electron probe ages and implications for Gondwana tectonics. Gondwana Res 9:261–278

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Santosh M, Maruyama S, Sato K (2009) Anatomy of a Cambrian suture in Gondwana: pacific-type orogeny in the southern India. Gondwana Res 16:321–341

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Santosh M, Yang QY, Shaji E, Tsunogae T, Ram Mohan M, Satyanarayanan M (2015) An exotic Mesoarchean microcontinent: The Coorg Block, southern India. Gondwana Res 27:165–195

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Santosh M, Yang QY, Shaji E, Ram Mohan M, Tsunogae T, Satyanarayanan M (2016) Oldest rocks from Peninsular India: evidence for Hadean to Neoarchean crustal evolution. Gondwana Res 29:105–135

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Santosh M, Hua CN, He XF, Li SS, Tsunogae T, Shaji E, Indu G (2017) Neoproterozoic arc magmatism in the southern Madurai Block, India: Subduction, relamination, continental outbuilding, and the growth of Gondwana. Gondwana Res 45:1–42

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sato K, Santosh M, Tsunogae T, Chetty TRK, Hirata T (2011) Subduction accretion collision history along the Gondwana suture in southern India: a laser ablation ICPMS study of zircon chronology. J Asian Earth Sci 40:162–171

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sawyer EW (2001) Melt segregation in the continental crust: distribution and movement of melt in anatectic rocks. J Metamorph Geol 19:291–310

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schmitz MD, Bowring SA (2003) Ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism in the lower crust during Neoarchean Ventersdorp rifting and magmatism, Kaapvaal Craton, southern Africa. Geol Soc Am Bull 115:533–548

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shabeer KP, Santish-Kumar M, Armstrong R, Buick IS (2005) Constraints on the timing of Pan-African granulite- facies metamorphism in the Kerala Khondalite Belt of southern India: SHRIMP mineral ages and Nd isotopic systematics. J Geol 113:95–106

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shimizu H, Tsunogae T, Santosh M (2009) Spinel + quartz assemblage in granulites from the Achankovil Shear Zone, southern India: Implications for ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism. J Asian Earth Sci 36:209–222

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sinha Roy S, Mathai J, Mathai T (1982) Structural geology of the area around Torai-Achankovil, Quilon District, Kerala: Centre for Earth Science Studies (Trivandrum). Tech Rep Kansai Univ 21:12–1982

    Google Scholar 

  • Sinha Roy S, Mathai J, Narayanaswamy, (1984) Structure and metamorphic characteristics of cordierite-bearing gneisses of south Kerala. J Geol Soc India 25:231–244

    Google Scholar 

  • Spear FS, Parrish RR (1996) Petrology and cooling rates of the Valhalla complex, British Columbia, Canada. J Petrol 37:733–765

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spear FS, Pyle JM, Cherniak D (2009) Limitations of chemical dating of monazite. Chem Geol 266:218–230

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Suzuki K, Adachi M, Kajizuka I (1994) Electron microprobe observations of Pb diffusion in metamorphosed detrital monazites. Earth Planet Sci Lett 128:391–405

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tamashiro I, Santosh M, Sajeev K, Morimoto T, Tsunogae T (2004) Multistage orthopyroxene formation in ultrahigh-temperature granulites of Ganguvarpatti, southern India: implications for complex metamorphic evolution during Gondwana assembly. J Mineral Petrol Sci 99:279–297

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tateishi K, Tsunogae T, Santosh M, Janardhan AS (2004) First report of sapphirine + quartz assemblage from southern India: implications for ultrahight emperature metamorphism. Gondwana Res 7:899–912

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor RJM, Clark C, Fitzsimons ICW, Santosh M, Hand M, Evans N, McDonald B (2014) Post-peak, fluid-mediated modification of granulite facies zircon and monazite in the Trivandrum Block, southern India. Contrib Mineral Petrol 168:1–17

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Teale W, Collins AS, Foden J, Payne JL, Plavsa D, Chetty TRK, Santosh M, Fanning M (2011) Cryogenian (ca. 830 Ma) mafic magmatism and metamorphism in the northern Madurai Block, southern India: a magmatic link between Sri Lanka and Madagascar. J Asian Earth Sci 42:223–233

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Torsvik TH, Tucker RD, Ashwal LD, Carter LM, Jamtveit V, Vidyadharan KT, Venkataramana P (2000) Late Cretaceous India-Madagascar fit and timing of breakup related magmatism. Terra Nova 12:220–224

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tucker RD, Ashwal LD, Handke MJ, Hamilton MA, Le Grange M, Rambeloson RA (1999) U-Pb Geochronology and Isotope Geochemistry of the Archean and Proterozoic Rocks of North-Central Madagascar. J Geol 107:135–153

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tucker RD, Kusky TM, Buchwaldt R, Handke MJ (2007) Neoproterozoic nappes and superposed folding of the Itremo Group, west-central Madagascar. Gondwana Res 12:356–379

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tucker RD, Roig JY, Macey P, Delor C, Amelin Y, Armstrong RA, Rabarimanana MH, Ralison AV (2011) A new geological framework for south-central Madagascar, and its relevance to the “out-of-Africa” hypothesis. Precambrian Res 185:109–130

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tucker RD, Roig JY, Delor C, Amelin Y, Goncalvez P, Rabarimanana MH, Ralison AV, Belcher RW (2011) Neoproterozoic extension in the Greater Dharwar Craton: a reevaluation of the “Betsimisaraka suture” in Madagascar. Canadian J Earth Sci 48:389–417

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tucker RD, Roig JY, Moine B, Delor C, Peters SG (2014) A geological synthesis of the Precambrian shield in Madagascar. J African Earth Sci 94:9–30

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Riel B (1980) Interim report EG 4, Contribution to the geology of the Punalur area southern India, Mineral Exploration and Development in Kerala UN Assisted Project (IND/75/046) Trivandrum.

  • Vijaya Kumar T, Bhaskar Rao Y, Plavsa D, Collins A, Tomson J, Vijaya Gopal B, Babu EVSSK (2017) Zircon U-Pb ages and Hf isotopic systematics of charnockite gneisses from the Ediacaran-Cambrian high-grade metamorphic terranes, Southern India: constraints on crust formation, recycling, and Gondwana correlations. Geol Soc Am Bull 129:625–648

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Whitehouse MJ, Kumar GR, Rimsa A (2014) Behaviour of radiogenic Pb in zircon during ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism: an ion imaging and ion tomography case study from the Kerala Khondalite Belt, southern India. Contrib Mineral Petrol 168:1–18

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williams ML, Jercinovic MJ, Terry MP (1999) Age mapping and dating of monazite on the electron microprobe: deconvoluting multistage tectonic histories. Geology 27:1023–1026

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Windley BF, Razafiniparany A, Razakamanana T, Ackermand D (1994) Tectonic framework of the Precambrian of Madagascar and its Gondwana connections: a review and reappraisal. Geol Rundsch 83:642–659

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yang QY, Santosh M, Pradeepkumar AP, Shaji E, Prasanth RS, Dhanil Dev AG (2015) Crustal evolution in the western margin of the Nilgiri Block, southern India: insights from zircon U-Pb and Lu–Hf data on Neoarchean magmatic suite. J Asian Earth Sci 113:766–777

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou JL, Shao S, Luo ZH, Shao JB, Wu DT, Rasoamalala V (2015) Geochronology and geochemistry of Cryogenian gabbros from the Ambatondrazaka area, east-central Madagascar: implications for Madagascar-India correlation and Rodinia paleogeography. Precambrian Res 256:256–270

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou JL, Li XH, Tang GQ, Liu Y, Tucker RD (2018) New evidence for a continental rift tectonic setting of the Neoproterozoic Imorona-Itsindro Suite (central Madagascar). Precambrian Res 306:94–111

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work forms part of the doctoral dissertation of PP. SR acknowledges the financial support provided by DST-SERB (Project code: SR/FTP/ES-78/2014). The earlier version of the manuscript was reviewed by four journal reviewers including Yatheesh V and Ratheesh Kumar RT; their thoughtful and inclusive comments are greatly appreciated. The comments went a long way in improving the content and the presentation of the manuscript. The Editorial handling of the manuscript by Wolf-Christian Dullo is acknowledged.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India

    P. Praharaj & S. Rekha

  2. Department of Geology and Geophysics, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721602, India

    A. Bhattacharya

Authors
  1. P. Praharaj
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. S. Rekha
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. A. Bhattacharya
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to S. Rekha.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (DOCX 36 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Praharaj, P., Rekha, S. & Bhattacharya, A. Structure and chronology across the Achankovil terrain boundary shear zone system (South India), and its Madagascar connection in the Gondwanaland. Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch) 110, 1545–1573 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-021-02029-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-021-02029-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation