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Structural, lithological, and geodynamic controls on geothermal activity in the Menderes geothermal Province (Western Anatolia, Turkey)

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Abstract

Western Turkey belongs to the regions with the highest geothermal potential in the world, resulting in significant electricity production from geothermal resources located predominantly in the Menderes Massif. Although geothermal exploitation is increasingly ongoing, geological, and physical processes leading to the emplacement of geothermal reservoirs are hitherto poorly understood. Several studies on the Menderes Massif led to different interpretations of structural controls on the location of hot springs and of the heat source origin. This paper describes geological evidence showing how heat is transmitted from the abnormally hot mantle to the geothermal reservoirs. On the basis of field studies, we suggest that crustal-scale low-angle normal faults convey hot fluids to the surface and represent the first-order control on geothermal systems. At the basin scale, connected on low-angle normal faults, kilometric high-angle transfer faults are characterized by dilational jogs, where fluids may be strongly focused. In addition, favourable lithologies in the basement (e.g., karstic marble) could play a critical role in the localization of geothermal reservoirs. Finally, a compilation of geochemical data at the scale of the Menderes Massif suggests an important role of the large mantle thermal anomaly, which is related to the Hellenic subduction. Heat from shallow asthenospheric mantle is suggested to be conveyed toward the surface by fluid circulation through the low-angle faults. Hence, geothermal activity in the Menderes Massif is not of magmatic origin but rather associated with active extensional tectonics related to the Aegean slab dynamics (i.e., slab retreat and tearing).

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Modified from Genç et al. (2001) and Drahor and Berge (2006). Also are represented stereographic projections of striations and kinematics of the main fault planes. b CF showing the altered contact between the basement and Neogene sediments. c Field photograph of TF plane in the Bornova mélange showing an NNE–SSW trending. Note the strong alteration at the foot of the fault implying the presence of hot spring. d Close-up view of the fault plane showing well-preserved slickenlines. e Fault plane and associated striae belonging to the E–W trending normal fault. See Fig. 11a for location

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Acknowledgements

This work has received funding from the Labex Voltaire (ANR-10-LABX-100-01) homed at Orléans University and BRGM, the French geological survey. The paper benefited from relevant revisions by Inga Moeck, Klaus Gessner and Gürol Seyitoğlu. We also thank the Editor in chief, Wolf-Christian Dullo.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. ISTO, UMR7327, Université d’Orléans, CNRS, BRGM, 1A rue de la Férollerie, 45071, Orléans, France

    Vincent Roche, Vincent Bouchot, Laurent Beccaletto, Laurent Guillou-Frottier & Johann Tuduri

  2. Sorbonne Université, CNRS-INSU, Institut des Sciences de la Terre Paris, ISTeP UMR 7193, 75005, Paris, France

    Laurent Jolivet

  3. Middle East Technical University, Department of Geological Engineering, Üniversiteler Mahallesi, Dumlupınar Bulvarı No: 1, 06800, Ankara, Turkey

    Erdin Bozkurt & Bülent Tokay

  4. Center for Global Tectonics and State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China

    Erdin Bozkurt

  5. Municipality of Salihli, Manisa, Turkey

    Kerem Oguz

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Roche, V., Bouchot, V., Beccaletto, L. et al. Structural, lithological, and geodynamic controls on geothermal activity in the Menderes geothermal Province (Western Anatolia, Turkey). Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch) 108, 301–328 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-018-1655-1

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