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Geochemical and isotopic constraints on the role of juvenile crust and magma mixing in the UDMA magmatism, Iran: evidence from mafic microgranular enclaves and cogenetic granitoids in the Zafarghand igneous complex

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Abstract

The Zafarghand Igneous Complex is composed of granite, granodiorite, diorite, and gabbro that contain many mafic microgranular enclaves. This complex was emplaced during the late Oligocene (24.6 Ma) to form part of the Urumieh–Dokhtar magmatic arc of Central Iran. The enclaves have spheroidal to elongated/lenticular shapes and are quenched mafic melts in felsic host magma as evidenced by fine-grained sinuous margins and (or) locally transitional and diffuse contacts with the host rocks, as well as having disequilibrium textures. These textures including oscillatory zoning with resorption surfaces on plagioclase, feldspar megacrysts with poikilitic and anti-rapakivi textures, mafic clots, acicular apatites, and small lath-shaped plagioclase in larger plagioclase crystals all indicate that the enclaves crystallized from mafic magma that was injected into and mixing/mingling with the host felsic magma. The studied rocks have calc-alkaline, metaluminous compositions, with an arc affinity. They are enriched in large ion lithophile elements, light rare-earth elements, and depleted in high field strength elements with significant negative Eu anomalies. The Sr–Nd isotopic data for all of the samples are similar and display ISr = 0.705123–0.705950 and εNd (24.6 Ma) = − 1.04–1.03 with TDM ~ 0.9–1.1 Ga. The host granites and enclaves are of mixed/mingled origin and most probably formed by the interaction between the juvenile lower crust with a basaltic composition and old lower or middle continental crust as a major component and lithospheric mantle as a minor component; this was followed by fractional crystallization and possibly minor crustal assimilation. The source seems to be comprised of about 90–80% of the basaltic magma and about 10–20% of lower/middle-crust-derived magma. Geochemical characteristics indicate that the intrusion of these rocks from a subduction zone setting below the Central Iran micro-continent was related to an active continental margin, although was transitional to a transtensional setting possibly due oblique convergence to slab rollback or break-off.

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Acknowledgements

Thanks go to the University of Kurdistan for supporting this project under grants provided by the research council (number: 4.64500; date: 3/11/2015). This study was also financially supported by the “National Natural Science Foundation of China (41472192)", and the State Key Laboratory of Lithosphere Evolution (11232240). DL is supported by a NSERC Discovery grant. This is a contribution to IGCP 592. We acknowledge Prof. Dr. Wolf-Christian Dullo, Prof. Greg Shellnutt, Prof. Saskia Erdmann, and anonymous reviewer for their constructive comments leading to important improvements in the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran

    Fatemeh Sarjoughian

  2. Department of Earth Sciences, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada

    David Lentz

  3. Department of Geology, University College of Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

    Ali Kananian

  4. State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China

    Songjian Ao & Wenjiao Xiao

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  1. Fatemeh Sarjoughian
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Correspondence to Fatemeh Sarjoughian.

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Sarjoughian, F., Lentz, D., Kananian, A. et al. Geochemical and isotopic constraints on the role of juvenile crust and magma mixing in the UDMA magmatism, Iran: evidence from mafic microgranular enclaves and cogenetic granitoids in the Zafarghand igneous complex. Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch) 107, 1127–1151 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-017-1548-8

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