Abstract
We describe how to use the perturbation theory of Caffarelli to prove Evans–Krylov type \(C^{2,\alpha }\) estimates for solutions of nonlinear elliptic equations in complex geometry, assuming a bound on the Laplacian of the solution. Our results can be used to replace the various Evans–Krylov type arguments in the complex geometry literature with a sharper and more unified approach. In addition, our methods extend to almost-complex manifolds, and we use this to obtain a new local estimate for an equation of Donaldson.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Błocki, Z.: Weak solutions to the complex Hessian equation. Ann. Inst. Fourier (Grenoble) 55(5), 1735–1756 (2005)
Buzano, E., Fino, A., Vezzoni, L.: The Calabi–Yau equation for \(T^2\)-bundles over \(T^2\): the non-Lagrangian case. Rend. Semin. Mat. Univ. Politec. Torino 69(3), 281–298 (2011)
Caffarelli, L.A.: Interior a priori estimates for solutions of fully nonlinear equations. Ann. Math. 130(1), 189–213 (1989)
Caffarelli, L.A., Cabré, X.: Fully Nonlinear Elliptic Equations. American Mathematical Society: Colloquium Publications, vol. 43. American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI (1995)
Caffarelli, L.A., Nirenberg, L., Spruck, J.: The Dirichlet problem for nonlinear second-order elliptic equations III: functions of the eigenvalues of the Hessian. Acta Math. 155(3–4), 261–301 (1985)
Caffarelli, L.A., Silvestre, L.: On the Evans–Krylov theorem. Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 138(1), 263–265 (2010)
Calabi, E.: Improper affine hyperspheres of convex type and a generalization of a theorem by K. Jörgens. Mich. Math. J. 5, 105–126 (1958)
Cao, H.-D.: Deformation of Kähler metrics to Kähler–Einstein metrics on compact Kähler manifolds. Invent. Math. 81(2), 359–372 (1985)
Chau, A.: Convergence of the Kähler–Ricci flow on noncompact Kähler manifolds. J. Differ. Geom. 66(2), 211–232 (2004)
Chen, X.X.: On the lower bound of the Mabuchi energy and its application. Intern. Math. Res. Notices 12, 607–623 (2000)
Chen, X.X.: A new parabolic flow in Kähler manifolds. Comm. Anal. Geom. 12(4), 837–852 (2004)
Chen, X.X., Tian, G.: Geometry of Kähler metrics and foliations by holomorphic discs. Publ. Math. Inst. Hautes Études Sci. 107, 1–107 (2008)
Cherrier, P.: Équations de Monge-Ampère sur les variétés hermitiennes compactes. Bull. Sci. Math. 111(4), 343–385 (1987)
Chow, B., Lu, P., Ni, L.: Hamilton’s Ricci flow, Graduate Studies in Mathematics, 77. RI; Science Press, New York, American Mathematical Society, Providence (2006)
Crandall, M.G., Ishii, H., Lions, P.-L.: User’s guide to viscosity solutions of second order partial differential equations. Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. (N.S.) 27(1), 1–67 (1992)
Delanoë, P.: Sur l’analogue presque-complexe de l’équation de Calabi-Yau. Osaka J. Math. 33(4), 829–846 (1996)
Dinew, S., Kołodziej, S.: A priori estimates for the complex Hessian equations. Anal. PDE 7(1), 227–244 (2014)
Dinew, S., Kołodziej, S.: Liouville and Calabi-Yau type theorems for complex Hessian equations, preprint. arXiv:1203.3995
Dinew, S., Zhang, X., Zhang, X.: The \(C^{2,\alpha }\) estimate of complex Monge–Ampère equation. Indiana Univ. Math. J. 60(5), 1713–1722 (2011)
Donaldson, S.K.: Moment maps and diffeomorphisms. Sir Michael Atiyah: a great mathematician of the twentieth century. Asian J. Math. 3(1), 1–15 (1999)
Donaldson, S.K.: Two-forms on four-manifolds and elliptic equations. In: Inspired by Chern, S.S., World Scientific (2006)
Evans, L.C.: Classical solutions of fully nonlinear, convex, second order elliptic equations. Comm. Pure Appl. Math. 25, 333–363 (1982)
Fang, H., Lai, M., Ma, X.-N.: On a class of fully nonlinear flows in Kähler geometry. J. Reine Angew. Math. 653, 189–220 (2011)
Fino, A., Li, Y., Salamon, S., Vezzoni, L.: The Calabi–Yau equation on 4-manifolds over 2-tori. Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 365(3), 1551–1575 (2013)
Fu, J., Wang, Z., Wu, D.: Form-type Calabi–Yau equations. Math. Res. Lett. 17(5), 887–903 (2010)
Fu, J., Wang, Z., Wu, D.: Form-type Calabi–Yau equations on Kähler manifolds of nonnegative orthogonal bisectional curvature, preprint. arXiv:1010.2022
Fu, J., Yau, S.-T.: The theory of superstring with flux on non-Kähler manifolds and the complex Monge–Ampère equation. J. Differ. Geom. 78(3), 369–428 (2008)
Gauduchon, P.: La \(1\)-forme de torsion d’une variété hermitienne compacte. Math. Ann. 267, 495–518 (1984)
Gill, M.: Convergence of the parabolic complex Monge–Ampère equation on compact Hermitian manifolds. Comm. Anal. Geom. 19(2), 277–303 (2011)
Guan, B., Li, Q.: Complex Monge–Ampère equations and totally real submanifolds. Adv. Math. 225(3), 1185–1223 (2010)
Guan, B., Sun, W.: On a class of fully nonlinear elliptic equations on Hermitian manifolds. Calc. Var. Partial Differ. Equ. (to appear). arXiv:1301.5863
Harvey, F.R., Lawson, H.B.: Dirichlet duality and the nonlinear Dirichlet problem on Riemannian manifolds. J. Differ. Geom. 88(3), 395–482 (2011)
Harvey, F.R., Lawson, H.B.: Potential theory on almost complex manifolds, preprint. arXiv:1107.2584
Hou, Z.: Complex Hessian equation on Kähler manifold. Int. Math. Res. Not. IMRN 2009(16), 3098–3111 (2009)
Hou, Z., Ma, X.-N., Wu, D.: A second order estimate for complex Hessian equations on a compact Kähler manifold. Math. Res. Lett. 17(3), 547–561 (2010)
Jbilou, A.: Complex Hessian equations on some compact Kähler manifolds, Int. J. Math. Math. Sci. Art. ID 350183, p. 48 (2012)
Kokarev, V.N.: Mixed volume forms and a complex equation of Monge–Ampère type on Kähler manifolds of positive curvature. Izv. Math. 74(3), 501–514 (2010)
Krylov, N.V.: Boundedly nonhomogeneous elliptic and parabolic equations, Izvestia Akad. Nauk. SSSR 46 (1982), 487–523; English translation in. Math. USSR Izv. 20(3), 459–492 (1983)
Li, S.-Y.: On the Dirichlet problems for symmetric function equations of the eigenvalues of the complex Hessian. Asian J. Math. 8(1), 87–106 (2004)
Li, Y.: A priori estimates for Donaldson’s equation over compact Hermitian manifolds. Calc. Var. Partial Differ. Equ. 50(3–4), 867–882 (2014)
Li, J., Yau, S.-T.: The existence of supersymmetric string theory with torsion. J. Differ. Geom. 70(1), 143–181 (2005)
Li, T.-J., Zhang, W.: Comparing tamed and compatible symplectic cones and cohomological properties of almost complex manifolds. Comm. Anal. Geom. 17(4), 651–683 (2009)
Li, T.-J., Zhang, W.: Almost Kähler forms on rational 4-manifolds, preprint. arXiv:1210.2377
Lu, H.C.: Viscosity solutions to complex Hessian equations. J. Funct. Anal. 264(6), 1355–1379 (2013)
Nguyen, N.C.: Hölder continuous solutions to complex Hessian equations. Potential Anal. 41(3), 887–902 (2014)
Phong, D.H., Sesum, N., Sturm, J.: Multiplier ideal sheaves and the Kähler–Ricci flow. Comm. Anal. Geom. 15(3), 613–632 (2007)
Pliś, S.: The Monge–Ampère equation on almost complex manifolds. Math. Z. 276(3–4), 969–983 (2014)
Popovici, D.: Aeppli cohomology classes associated with Gauduchon metrics on compact complex manifolds, preprint. arXiv:1310.3685
Savin, O.: Small perturbation solutions for elliptic equations. Comm. Partial Differ. Equ. 32(4–6), 557–578 (2007)
Siu, Y.-T.: Lectures on Hermitian–Einstein Metrics for Stable Bundles and Kähler–Einstein metrics, DMV Seminar, 8. Birkhäuser, Basel (1987)
Song, J., Weinkove, B.: On the convergence and singularities of the J-flow with applications to the Mabuchi energy. Comm. Pure Appl. Math. 61(2), 210–229 (2008)
Spruck, J.: Geometric aspects of the theory of fully nonlinear elliptic equations, in Global theory of minimal surfaces, vol. 2, pp. 283–309. Am. Math. Soc., Providence, RI (2005)
Sun, W.: On a class of fully nonlinear elliptic equations on closed Hermitian manifolds, preprint. arXiv:1310.0362
Taubes, C.H.: Tamed to compatible: symplectic forms via moduli space integration. J. Symp. Geom. 9(2), 161–250 (2011)
Tosatti, V., Weinkove, B.: Estimates for the complex Monge–Ampère equation on Hermitian and balanced manifolds. Asian J. Math. 14(1), 19–40 (2010)
Tosatti, V., Weinkove, B.: The complex Monge–Ampère equation on compact Hermitian manifolds. J. Am. Math. Soc. 23(4), 1187–1195 (2010)
Tosatti, V., Weinkove, B.: The Calabi–Yau equation, symplectic forms and almost complex structures. In: Geometry and Analysis, Advanced Lectures in Mathematics, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 475–493. International Press, Somerville, MA (2011)
Tosatti, V., Weinkove, B.: The Calabi–Yau equation on the Kodaira–Thurston manifold. J. Inst. Math. Jussieu 10(2), 437–447 (2011)
Tosatti, V., Weinkove, B.: On the evolution of a Hermitian metric by its Chern–Ricci form. J. Differ. Geom. (to appear). arXiv:1201.0312
Tosatti, V., Weinkove, B.: The Monge–Ampère equation for \((n-1)\)-plurisubharmonic functions on a compact Kähler manifold, preprint. arXiv:1305.7511
Tosatti, V., Weinkove, B.: Hermitian metrics, \((n-1, n-1)\) forms and Monge–Ampère equations, preprint. arXiv:1310.6326
Tosatti, V., Weinkove, B., Yau, S.-T.: Taming symplectic forms and the Calabi–Yau equation. Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. 97(2), 401–424 (2008)
Trudinger, N.S.: Fully nonlinear, uniformly elliptic equations under natural structure conditions. Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 278(2), 751–769 (1983)
Wang, X.-J.: A class of fully nonlinear elliptic equations and related functionals. Indiana Univ. Math. J. 43(1), 25–54 (1994)
Wang, Y.: On the \(C^{2,\alpha }\)-regularity of the complex Monge–Ampère equation. Math. Res. Lett. 19(4), 939–946 (2012)
Wang, Y.: Small perturbation solutions for parabolic equations. Indiana Univ. Math. J. 62(2), 671–697 (2013)
Wehrheim, K.: Uhlenbeck compactness. European Mathematical Society (EMS), Zürich, EMS Series of Lectures in Mathematics (2004)
Weinkove, B.: Convergence of the J-flow on Kähler surfaces. Comm. Anal. Geom. 12(4), 949–965 (2004)
Weinkove, B.: On the J-flow in higher dimensions and the lower boundedness of the Mabuchi energy. J. Differ. Geom. 73(2), 351–358 (2006)
Weinkove, B.: The Calabi–Yau equation on almost-Kähler four-manifolds. J. Differ. Geom. 76(2), 317–349 (2007)
Yau, S.-T.: On the Ricci curvature of a compact Kähler manifold and the complex Monge–Ampère equation I. Comm. Pure Appl. Math. 31(3), 339–411 (1978)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Communicated by O. Savin.
Research supported in part by NSF grants DMS-1236969, DMS-1308988 and DMS-1332196. The first named-author is supported in part by a Sloan Research Fellowship.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tosatti, V., Wang, Y., Weinkove, B. et al. \(C^{2,\alpha }\) estimates for nonlinear elliptic equations in complex and almost complex geometry. Calc. Var. 54, 431–453 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00526-014-0791-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00526-014-0791-0