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Self-care behaviors in patients with cancer treated with oral anticancer agents: a systematic review

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Abstract

Purpose of review

Continuous progress in cancer care has led to its increased use in oral anticancer agents that are easily managed by patients at home with fewer costs and hospitalizations. However, correct self-care behaviors are needed for the safe use of these medications. This review aimed to synthesize studies on self-care behaviors in patients treated with oral anticancer agents.

Methods

This systematic review used a convergent qualitative synthesis design for mixed studies. Studies on adult patients with cancer using any kind of oral anticancer agent and describing self-care maintenance, self-care monitoring, and/or self-care management behaviors were searched on PubMed, EMBASE, and CINAHL. After data extraction, the findings were retained for qualitative synthesis.

Findings

Of 3419 records, 19 studies were included in this review. From the qualitative synthesis, all the retrieved behaviors were synthesized in the three self-care dimensions. Five themes and 18 subthemes were identified. Self-care maintenance included “adherence to the medications” and “prevention.” Self-care monitoring consisted of “health surveillance and recognition of illness changes.” Self-care management included “seeking help” and “autonomous management of side effects.” Overall, most of the behaviors described focused only on adherence.

Conclusion

The findings of this systematic review could guide future studies on self-care and drive future interventions aimed at improving self-care in this vulnerable population. Nurses and other healthcare professionals should provide self-care support to patients taking oral anticancer agents. In particular, they should promote behaviors aimed at improving well-being, preserving health, or managing side effects.

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Funding

This research was funded by the “Lega Italiana Lotta contro I Tumori” (Italian League Against Tumors).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Clinical Excellence and Quality of Care (CNEC), Istituto Superiore Di Sanità (ISS), Via Giano della Bella, 34, 00162, Rome, Italy

    Marco Di Nitto

  2. Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy

    Fabio Sollazzo, Valentina Biagioli, Gianluca Pucciarelli, Rosaria Alvaro & Ercole Vellone

  3. Department of Systems Medicine, Medical Oncology, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133, Rome, Italy

    Francesco Torino

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Each author contributed substantially to the present work. Moreover, each author read and approved the entire manuscript. Conceptualization, MDN, FS, and EV; data extraction and analysis, MDN and FS; original draft preparation, VB, MDN, and FS; review and editing, RA, FT, and GP; and supervision, EV.

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Di Nitto, M., Sollazzo, F., Biagioli, V. et al. Self-care behaviors in patients with cancer treated with oral anticancer agents: a systematic review. Support Care Cancer 30, 8465–8483 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-022-07166-4

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