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Delayed auditory pathway maturation and prematurity

Verzögerte Hörbahnreifung und Frühgeburtlichkeit

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Summary

Background

Hearing loss is the most common sensory disorder in developed countries and leads to a severe reduction in quality of life. In this uncontrolled case series, we evaluated the auditory development in patients suffering from congenital nonsyndromic hearing impairment related to preterm birth.

Methods

Six patients delivered preterm (25th–35th gestational weeks) suffering from mild to profound congenital nonsyndromic hearing impairment, descending from healthy, nonconsanguineous parents and were evaluated by otoacoustic emissions, tympanometry, brainstem-evoked response audiometry, and genetic testing. All patients were treated with hearing aids, and one patient required cochlear implantation.

Results

One preterm infant (32nd gestational week) initially presented with a 70 dB hearing loss, accompanied by negative otoacoustic emissions and normal tympanometric findings. The patient was treated with hearing aids and displayed a gradual improvement in bilateral hearing that completely normalized by 14 months of age accompanied by the development of otoacoustic emission responses.

Conclusions

We present here for the first time a fully documented preterm patient with delayed auditory pathway maturation and normalization of hearing within 14 months of birth. Although rare, postpartum development of the auditory system should, therefore, be considered in the initial stages for treating preterm hearing impaired patients.

Zusammenfassung

Grundlagen

Schwerhörigkeit ist die häufigste sensorische Erkrankung in den Entwicklungsländern, welche zu einer schweren Einschränkung der Lebensqualität führt. In dieser unkontrollierten Studie haben wir die auditorische Entwicklung von Frühgeborenen mit kongenitaler nicht-syndromaler Schwerhörigkeit evaluiert.

Methodik

In diese Studie wurden sechs Frühgeborene (25.-35. Schwangerschaftswoche), welche an milder bis profunder Schwerhörigkeit leiden, eingeschlossen. Alle Patienten haben gesunde Eltern, die in keinem Verwandtschaftsverhältnis zueinander stehen. Die Evaluierung erfolgte mittels otoakustischer Emissionen, Tympanometrie, Hirnstammaudiometrie and genetischer Testung. Alle Patienten wurden mit Hörgeräten und ein Patient mit Cochlear Implantation versorgt.

Ergebnisse

Ein frühgeborener Patient (32. Schwangerschaftswoche), mit regulären Tympanogrammen, hatte initial einen Hörverlust von 70 Dezibel und negative otoakustische Emissionen. Nach der Versorgung mit Hörgeräten zeigte sich eine schrittweise Verbesserung des bilateralen Hörens mit kompletter Normalisierung mit 14 Lebensmonaten, einhergehend mit positiven otoakustischen Emissionen.

Schlussfolgerungen

Wir präsentieren erstmalig einen voll dokumentierten Fall eines Frühgeborenen mit verzögerter Hörbahnreifung und Normalisierung des Hörens mit 14 Lebensmonaten. Obgleich selten, sollte eine postpartale Reifung des auditorischen Systems in den ersten Stadien der Entwicklung bei frühgeborenen schwerhörigen Patienten bedacht werden.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank the patient and his family for cooperation and Sonja Hickmann for the audiological testing. This project was supported by funds of the Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Anniversary Fund, project number AP14058ONB).

Conflict of interest

All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Correspondence to Klemens Frei MD.

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Koenighofer, M., Parzefall, T., Ramsebner, R. et al. Delayed auditory pathway maturation and prematurity. Wien Klin Wochenschr 127, 440–444 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-014-0653-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-014-0653-y

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