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Creep Behavior in A Newly Developed Heat Resistant Austenitic Stainless Steel

Kriechverhalten eines neu entwickelten hitzebeständigen austenitischen nichtrostenden Stahles

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Abstract

UNS S31035 austenitic stainless steel grade is a newly developed advanced heat resistant material for use in coal fired boilers at metal temperatures up to 700 °C. This new grade that has recently got two AMSE code cases shows good resistance to steam oxidation and flue gas corrosion and high creep rupture strength. This paper will mainly focus on the characterization of long term structure stability and performances such as the creep behaviors at different temperatures for up to 86,000 h at high temperatures. The creep damage mechanisms were studied using electron transmission microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction, and electron channeling contrast image analysis. The results show that the creep strength is related to the intragranular nano particles that act as obstacles for dislocation movements. Plastic deformation and transgranular fracture is the main creep fracture mechanism in the creep test samples of UNS S31035. The material has good creep ductility by formation of twins during the creep test. This material has been installed and tested in several European power plants, and has shown good performance. The material is an excellent alternative for superheaters and reheaters in future high-efficient coal fired boilers with design material temperatures up to 700 °C, instead of more costly nickel based alloy. 

Zusammenfassung

UNS S31035, ein hitzebeständiger austenitischer nichtrostender Stahl, setzt neue Maßstäbe für den Einsatz in mit kohlebefeuerten Dampferzeugern für Materialtemperaturen bis 700 °C. Der neue Werkstoff, welcher für zwei ASME Code Case zugelassen ist, zeichnet sich durch gute Beständigkeit gegen Dampf- und Rauchgaskorrosion sowie eine hohe Zeitstandfestigkeit aus. Diese Veröffentlichung legt den Schwerpunkt auf das Langzeitverhalten (bis 68000 h), charakterisiert durch Strukturstabilität und das Kriechverhalten bei unterschiedlichen Temperaturen. Die Kriechversagensmechanismen wurden mittels Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Electron Back Scatter Diffraction (EBSD) und Electron Channelling Contrast Image (ECCI) untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen einen Zusammenhang zwischen Zeitstandfestigkeit und intergranularen Ausscheidungen sowie die Behinderung von Versetzungsbewegungen durch Nanoteilchen. Plastische Verformung und transkristalline Brüche sind die Hauptausfallmechanismen der untersuchten Zeitstandproben aus UNS S31035. Der Werkstoff weist eine gute Kriechduktilität durch Zwillingsbildung während des Zeitstandversuchs auf. UNS S31035 wurde in mehreren Europäischen Kohlekraftwerken installiert und getestet und zeigte eine gute Performance. UNS S3105 ist eine hervorragende Alternative für Überhitzer und Zwischenüberhitzer in hocheffizienten Dampferzeugern für Design-Materialtemperaturen bis zu 700 °C, als Alternative zu heute verwendeten Nickelbasislegierungen.

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Acknowledgements

This paper is published by permission of Sandvik Materials Technology. ECCI work by Mr Jerry Lindqvist and TEM investigation by Dr Magnus Boström are greatly appreciated.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sandvik Materials Technology, 811 81, Sandviken, Sweden

    Guocai Chai, Johan Hernblom, Timo Peltola & Urban Forsberg

  2. Engineering Materials, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden

    Guocai Chai

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  1. Guocai Chai
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  2. Johan Hernblom
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  4. Urban Forsberg
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Correspondence to Guocai Chai.

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Chai, G., Hernblom, J., Peltola, T. et al. Creep Behavior in A Newly Developed Heat Resistant Austenitic Stainless Steel. Berg Huettenmaenn Monatsh 160, 400–405 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00501-015-0404-z

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