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Site Specific Microstructural Evolution of Thermo-mechanically Fatigued Copper Films

Ortsaufgelöste mikrostrukturelle Entwicklung von thermo-mechanisch ermüdeten Kupferschichten

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Abstract

Copper metallizations used in modern power semiconductors have to withstand cyclic thermo-mechanical loading over the full operational life-time. Hence, detailed knowledge about the microstructural changes is required to better understand ongoing fatigue mechanisms and specifically to enable improvement of the fabrication process. Therefore, a microstructural characterization method was applied which combines a site-specific analysis using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) throughout thermal cycling. Studying the same surface area with AFM and EBSD enables a determination of global microstructural parameters, such as surface roughness, grain size, and grain boundary characteristics with cycling, and hence exhibits a great potential for universal microstructural analysis regardless of the loading process. We report about combining topographical and crystallographic information by tracking the identical surface area. Our observations indicate diffusional mass transport at grain boundaries, quantified by height profile evolution, grain growth, and twin boundary migration.

Zusammenfassung

Kupfermetallisierungen, welche in modernen Hochleistungshalbleitern eingesetzt werden, müssen zyklischen thermomechanischen Belastungen während der Einsatzzeit standhalten. Ein detailliertes Wissen über die mikrostrukturellen Änderungen ist notwendig, um ein besseres Verständnis über die ablaufenden Ermüdungsmechanismen zu erhalten und eine gezielte Verbesserung des Fabrikationsprozesses zu ermöglichen. Daher wurde eine mikrostrukturelle Charaktersierungsmethode angewendet, welche eine ortsspezifische Analyse mittels Elektronen-Rückstreu-Beugung (EBSD) und Rasterkraftmikroskopie (AFM) während des thermischen Zyklierprozesses kombiniert. Die Untersuchung des identen Oberflächenausschnitts mit AFM und EBSD ermöglicht es, globale Aussagen über die Schichtrauigkeit, Korngröße und Korngrenzcharakteristiken mit fortlaufender Zyklenanzahl zu treffen, was großes Potential als universell einsetzbare mikrostrukturelle Analysemethode unabhängig vom jeweiligen Belastungsregime zeigt. Die Kombination topographischer und kristallographischer Informationen auf demselben Oberflächenabschnitt erlaubt zusätzlich die Untersuchung spezieller mikrostruktureller Bestandteile während des Zyklierprozesses, beispielsweise diffusionsgesteuerten Massentransport an den Korngrenzen, quantifiziert durch Höhenprofilevolutionen sowie Kornwachstum und Zwillingskorngrenzbewegung.

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Acknowledgements

The work was performed in the project EPPL, financially supported by grants from Austria, Germany, The Netherlands, France, Italy, Portugal, and the ENIAC Joint Undertaking (ENIAC JU Grant Agreement no. 325608). This project is co-funded within the programme “Forschung, Innovation und Technologie für Informationstechnologie” by the Austrian Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology.

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Correspondence to Stephan Bigl B.Sc..

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Bigl, S., Wurster, S., Cordill, M. et al. Site Specific Microstructural Evolution of Thermo-mechanically Fatigued Copper Films. Berg Huettenmaenn Monatsh 160, 235–239 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00501-015-0355-4

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