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GLUE uncertainty analysis of hybrid models for predicting hourly soil temperature and application wavelet coherence analysis for correlation with meteorological variables

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Abstract

Accurate prediction of soil temperature (Ts) is critical for efficient soil, water and field crop management. In this study, hourly Ts variations at 5, 10, and 30 cm soil depth were predicted for an arid site (Sirjan) and a semi-humid site (Sanandaj) in Iran. Existing machine learning models have high performance, but suffer from uncertainty and instability in prediction. Therefore, GLUE approach was implemented to quantify model uncertainty, while wavelet coherence was used to assess interactions between Ts and meteorological parameters. Standalone machine learning models (adaptive neuron fuzzy interface system (ANFIS), support vector machine model (SVM), radial basis function neural network (RBFNN), and multilayer perceptron (MLP)) were hybridized with four optimization algorithms (sunflower optimization (SFO), firefly algorithm (FFA), salp swarm algorithm (SSA), particle swarm optimization (PSO)) to improve Ts prediction accuracy and reduce model uncertainty. For both arid and semi-humid sites, ANFIS-SFO produced the most accurate performance at studied soil depths. At best, hybridization with SFO (ANFIS-SFO, MLP-SFO, RBFNN-SFO, SVM-SFO) decreased RMSE by 5.6%, 18%, 18.3%, and 18.2% at 5 cm, 11.8%, 10.4%, 10.6%, and 12.5% at 10 cm, and 9.1%, 12.1%, 13.9%, and 14.2% at 30 cm soil depth compared with the respective standalone models. GLUE analysis confirmed the superiority of hybrid models over the standalone models, while the hybrid models decreased the uncertainty in Ts predictions. ANFIS-SFO covered 95%, 94%, and 96% observation data at 5, 10, and 30 cm soli depths, respectively. Wavelet coherence analysis demonstrated that air temperature, relative humidity, and solar radiation, but not wind speed, had high coherence with Ts at different soil depths at both sites, and meteorological parameters mostly influenced Ts in upper soil layers. In conclusion, uncertainty analysis is a necessary and powerful technique to obtain an accurate and realistic prediction of Ts. In contrast, wavelet coherence analysis is a useful tool to investigate the most effective variables that strongly affect predictions.

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Data availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Code availability

The code is available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Water Science & Engineering, College of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanja, Rafsanjan, Iran

    Akram Seifi & Fatemeh Soroush

  2. Department of Water Engineering and Hydraulic Structures, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran

    Mohammad Ehteram

  3. Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

    Fatemeh Nayebloei

  4. School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, NIG 2W1, Canada

    Bahram Gharabaghi

  5. Water, Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, FIN90014, Oulu, Finland

    Ali Torabi Haghighi

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  1. Akram Seifi
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  2. Mohammad Ehteram
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  3. Fatemeh Nayebloei
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  4. Fatemeh Soroush
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  5. Bahram Gharabaghi
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AS and ME contributed to conceptualization; AS and ME contributed to methodology; AS, ME, FS, and FN contributed to formal analysis and investigation; AS, FS, FN, BG, and ATH contributed to writing original draft preparation.

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Seifi, A., Ehteram, M., Nayebloei, F. et al. GLUE uncertainty analysis of hybrid models for predicting hourly soil temperature and application wavelet coherence analysis for correlation with meteorological variables. Soft Comput 25, 10723–10748 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-021-06009-4

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