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Association between cancer risk and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons’ exposure in the ambient air of Ahvaz, southwest of Iran

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Abstract

Nowadays, a large number of health endpoints such as disease rates, treatment costs, and death, by air pollutants, have been a serious health problem for humans. One of the most hazardous air pollutants, which is highly dangerous for human health, is polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The existence of the emission of industries’ pollutants and seasonal variations are the primary agents affecting PAHs’ concentration. The purposes of this study were to calculate the cancer risk and measure PAHs’ exposure in the ambient air of Ahvaz, southwest of Iran, during 2017. Three distinct areas ((S1) industrial, (S2) high traffic, and (S3) residential) of Ahvaz metropolitan were selected. Omni sampler equipped with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filters were used for active sampling of PAHs. To detect the level of PAHs, gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used. Incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) and lifetime average daily dose (LADD) were used to estimate the health risk caused by PAHs. The results showed that the residential and industrial areas had the lowest and highest level of PAHs. Moreover, the average levels of PAHs in industrial, high traffic, and residential areas were 8.44 ± 3.37, 7.11 ± 2.64, and 5.52 ± 1.63 ng m−3, respectively. Furthermore, ILCR in autumn and winter was higher than EPA standard, 0.06307 and 0.04718, respectively. In addition, ILCR in different areas was significantly higher than standard. Research findings imply that the levels of exposure to PAHs can increase ILCR and risk of health endpoint. The cancer risk attributed to PAHs should be further investigated from the perspective of the public health in metropolitans.

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Funding

This work was part of a funded Ph.D. thesis of Mohammad Javad Mohammadi, a student at Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences (AJUMS), and the financial support of this study (U-95094) was provided by AJUMS.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

    Gholamreza Goudarzi & Esmaeil Idani

  2. Asadabad School of Medical Sciences, Asadabad, Iran

    Sahar Geravandi & Farzaneh Aslanpour Alamdari

  3. Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Nadali Alavi

  4. Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

    Esmaeil Idani

  5. Health Research Institute, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

    Shokrolah Salmanzadeh

  6. Research Center for Environmental Pollutants, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran

    Ahmad Reza Yari

  7. Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

    Farkhondeh Jamshidi

  8. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

    Mohammad Javad Mohammadi

  9. Department of Education, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran

    Akbar Ranjbarzadeh

  10. Department of Public Health, Asadabad School of Medical Sciences, Asadabad, Iran

    Fatemeh Darabi

  11. Rehabilitation Management, School of Rehabilitation, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Alireza Rohban

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  1. Gholamreza Goudarzi
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Correspondence to Mohammad Javad Mohammadi.

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Goudarzi, G., Geravandi, S., Alavi, N. et al. Association between cancer risk and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons’ exposure in the ambient air of Ahvaz, southwest of Iran. Int J Biometeorol 62, 1461–1470 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-018-1543-1

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