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Organochlorine pesticides in soil and air at and around a compound contaminated site: vertical distribution, soil–air exchange and risk evaluation

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Abstract

The control of soil pollution in China has become an issue, and in this study, a compound contaminated site was selected and focus on the site and its nearby environment, organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were investigated in both soil (top and deep soil) and air samples. The main pollutants in top soils at site are dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDTs, 0.05–104 mg/kg d.w., avg: 14.5 mg/kg d.w.) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB, 0.02–4.85 mg/kg d.w., avg: 0.72 mg/kg d.w.) which is in accordance with its production history. As for the deep soils, ΣOCPs at site were found concentrated at workshops especially the technical pesticide workshop (5.29–22.1 mg/kg d.w., avg: 9.15 mg/kg d.w.) and the history DDTs’ workshop (4.00–64.8 mg/kg d.w., avg: 20.4 mg/kg d.w). Around site, OCPs were mainly concentrated at layers of −20 cm and the −40 cm and decreased with distance being far away, at 5000 m, the ΣOCPs was comparable with normal agriculture soil (22.1−91.4 ng/g d.w., avg: 55.4 ng/g d.w.). ΣOCPs in the air samples ranged 64.6–823 ng/m3 (avg: 459 ng/m3) at site and 9.93–176 ng/m3 (avg: 50.8 ng/m3) around site which are all dominated with DDTs and HCHs. Soil–air exchange fugacity was calculated to judge the transportation of the OCPs and the results showed soils at the site and its nearby areas (within 5000 m) are releasing most of the OCPs into air, and accordingly through evaluation, inhalation was found to be the major source for human health risk, which is a great threat to the workers at site and the nearby residents.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 21407137) and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (SKLECRA 201628).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China

    Yanyan Fang, Zhiqiang Nie, Qingqi Die, Yajun Tian, Feng Liu, Jie He & Qifei Huang

  2. College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China

    Yanyan Fang & Qingqi Die

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  1. Yanyan Fang
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  2. Zhiqiang Nie
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  3. Qingqi Die
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  4. Yajun Tian
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Correspondence to Zhiqiang Nie or Qifei Huang.

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Fang, Y., Nie, Z., Die, Q. et al. Organochlorine pesticides in soil and air at and around a compound contaminated site: vertical distribution, soil–air exchange and risk evaluation. Stoch Environ Res Risk Assess 32, 1179–1188 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00477-017-1412-1

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