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Antioxidant and photoprotective defenses in response to gradual water stress under low and high irradiance in two Malvaceae tree species used for tropical forest restoration

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Abstract

Key message

This study provides a mechanistic basis of the tolerance to light and water stress in two tropical tree species of the Malvaceae used for the reforestation in the tropics. G. ulmifolia is more sensitive to high irradiance than C. speciosa . Thus, C. speciosa is more appropriate for the reforestation of degraded areas with potential excess light or water deficit.

Abstract

Reforestation programs in tropics are necessary to mitigate the impacts of climate change, the preservation of biodiversity and for recovery of degraded areas. However, little is known about the abiotic stress tolerance of the major tropical tree species used in reforestation. This study was aimed at evaluating antioxidant defenses and photoprotective pigments against excess light and water deficit in Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. and Ceiba speciosa (A.St.-Hil) Ravenna. Plantlets of 6-month-old were exposed to progressive water deficit by withholding water under high and low irradiance growth conditions and then re-irrigated. G. ulmifolia leaves under high irradiance showed increased photo-oxidative damage, as indicated by a decreased Fv/Fm ratio and 5−12-fold increases in MDA levels, which correlated with a 14-fold increase in SOD activity, a 90 % decrease in POD activity and a 3−4-fold increases in hydrogen peroxide levels. Water deficit combined with high irradiance caused stronger chronic photoinhibition, indicating a synergistic effect that cannot be counterbalanced by antioxidant or photo-protective mechanisms. In contrast, to avoid photo-oxidative damage, C. speciosa enhanced SOD activity, maintained POD and CAT activities, and increased xanthophyll cycle pool size and DPS and β-carotene accumulation. These results indicate that G. ulmifolia is more sensitive to high irradiance than C. speciosa at early stages of development. Thus, C. speciosa is more appropriate for the reforestation of degraded areas with potential excess light or water deficit. In conclusion, this study provides a mechanistic basis of the tolerance abiotic stress in two tropical trees, thereby contributing for management strategies in reforestation projects.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) (Grant 304450/2009-0) to C. A. Martinez. D. R. Contin was supported by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Graduate Studentships (Grant n˚10422/12-9). D. R. Contin is a CAPES Fellowships (Process n˚10422/12-9). H. H. Soriani was supported by CNPq Graduate Studentships. C. A. Martinez and R. P. M. Furriel are fellow researchers from CNPq.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Biologia FFCLRP, Graduate Program in Comparative Biology, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil

    Daniele R. Contin, Hilda H. Soriani & Carlos A. Martinez

  2. Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 645, 08028, Barcelona, Spain

    Iker Hernández & Sergi Munné-Bosch

  3. Departamento de Química FFCLRP, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil

    Rosa P. M. Furriel

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  1. Daniele R. Contin
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  2. Hilda H. Soriani
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Correspondence to Carlos A. Martinez.

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Contin, D.R., Soriani, H.H., Hernández, I. et al. Antioxidant and photoprotective defenses in response to gradual water stress under low and high irradiance in two Malvaceae tree species used for tropical forest restoration. Trees 28, 1705–1722 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-014-1079-x

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