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Transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy by vestibular approach in Viet Nam: surgical outcomes and long-term follow-up

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Abstract

Background

The transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy by vestibular approach (TOETVA) has been developed for early-stage thyroid cancer treatment as well as benign thyroid nodules worldwide including Viet Nam, with low rate of complications and excellent results. However, there has not been any comprehensive studies with a large number of patients and long-term follow-up in our country. Therefore, we conducted this study to evaluate the results of treatment by TOETVA for benign and malignant lesions of thyroid gland in Viet Nam.

Methods

A prospective study was performed on 326 eligible patients who underwent TOETVA due to thyroid cancer and benign thyroid nodules in Department of Oncology and Palliative Care, Hanoi Medical University Hospital from July 2018 to April 2021. The clinical, surgical, and pathological characteristics, postoperative complications, and visual analog scale (VAS, 0–10 cm) score in day 1, 4, and 7 after surgery, long-term oncological and surgical outcomes were recorded.

Results

The mean age was 36.9 ± 9.8 years. 231 patients (70.9%) were diagnosed with differentiated cancer and 95 patients (29.1%) were diagnosed benign tumors of thyroid gland. In the cancer group, 12 patients (5.2%) undergone TOETVA had T3b-intraoperative-stage diagnosis, 219 patients (92.2%) were diagnosed T1 according to AJCC 8th. After 1 month of surgery, among thyroid cancer patients, there was no abnormality reported by thyroid scintigraphy and neck ultrasound as well as in unstimulated-Tg and anti-Tg values. The mean number lymph-node dissected in the cancer group was 6.1 ± 4.1 (range 0–21 nodes). However, only 2.6 ± 1.8 metastasis nodes were discovered (range 1–8 nodes), and the maximum size of these nodes was less than 2 mm. 81 patients presented occult lymph-node metastasis among thyroid cancer patients with cN0 stage (account for 35%). The occult lymph-node metastasis was 34.2% and 50% in patients diagnosed with T1 and T3b groups, respectively. The median postoperative hospital stay was 5.4 ± 0.7 days. Postoperatively, transient hypoparathyroidism was recorded in 12 patients (4.8%), transient hoarse was noted in 9 patients (3.6%), and numb chin was identified in 7 patients (2.8%). No permanent complication was noted. VAS score on first postoperative day was 4.5 ± 0.8. Median follow-up time was 12 (3–25) months. No recurrence was recorded.

Conclusions

TOETVA is an innovative and revolutionary technique in the treatment of benign thyroid nodules, as well as early-stage differentiated thyroid cancer. The results of oncology, postoperative complications, and satisfied outcomes supported the wide application of TOETVA in Viet Nam.

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Acknowledgements

We thank our collages at Hanoi Medical University Hospital for their valuable help in the study.

Funding

This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Oncology, Hanoi Medical University, No 1 Ton That Tung Street, Dong Da District, Hanoi, Viet Nam

    Hau Xuan Nguyen, Thao Thi Phuong Nguyen & Quang Van Le

  2. Department of Oncology and Palliative Care, Hanoi Medical University Hospital, No 1 Ton That Tung Street, Dong Da District, Hanoi, 100000, Viet Nam

    Hau Xuan Nguyen, Hien Xuan Nguyen & Quang Van Le

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  1. Hau Xuan Nguyen
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  3. Thao Thi Phuong Nguyen
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Contributions

Conception and design: HauXN, HienXN and QVL. Administrative support: HXN and QVL. Collection and assembly of data: HienXN and TTPN. Data analysis and interpretation: HauXN, HienXN and TTPN. Manuscript writing: All authors. Final approval of manuscript: All authors. Accountable for all aspects of the work: All authors.

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Correspondence to Hien Xuan Nguyen.

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Disclosures

Hau Xuan Nguyen, Hien Xuan Nguyen, Thao Thi Phuong Nguyen and Quang Van Le have no conflicts of interest or financial ties to disclose.

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This study was approved by the ethics committee of the Hanoi Medical University Hospital.

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Written informed consent was obtained from the patients.

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Nguyen, H.X., Nguyen, H.X., Nguyen, T.T.P. et al. Transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy by vestibular approach in Viet Nam: surgical outcomes and long-term follow-up. Surg Endosc 36, 4248–4254 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-021-08759-6

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