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Implementation of cytochrome c proteins and carbon nanotubes hybrids in bioelectrodes towards bioelectrochemical systems applications

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Abstract

Multiheme cytochrome c (Cyt c) can function as a redox protein on electrode to accomplish bioelectrocatalysis. However, the direct electron transfer (DET) between the redox site of Cyt c and electrode is low due to the large coupling distance. A close proximity or a connection pathway from the deeply buried active site to the protein surface can be established by modifying the electrode with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to improve the DET. Therefore, the isolated Cyt c has been assembled or casted with CNTs by various processes to form Cyt c-CNTs bioelectrodes that can be further applied to biosensing and bioanalysis. These strategies can be transplanted to the fabrication of biofilm-CNTs based electrodes by complexing the out membrane (OM) Cyt c of natural electricigen with CNTs to realize the application of the electrochemical properties of “in vivo” Cyt c to bioelectrochemical systems (BESs). This review intends to highlight the preparation strategies of bioelectrodes that have been well studied in electrochemical biosensors and improving approaches of the DET from the CNTs surface to Cyt c in their hybrids. The efficient fabrication processes of the biofilm-CNTs based electrodes that can be considered as “in vivo” Cyt c-CNTs based electrodes for BES designs are also summarized, aiming to provide an inspiration source and a reference to the related studies of BES downstream.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Open Research Fund of Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory (Grant No.2021SLABFN19), Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation, China (Grant No. ZR2021MC016).

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  1. Xinru Zhai and Xiaojun Liu contributed equally to this work and should be considered co-first authors.

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  1. State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250353, Shandong, People’s Republic of China

    Xinru Zhai & Qinzheng Yang

  2. Department of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, Shandong, People’s Republic of China

    Xinru Zhai, Xiaojun Liu, Huihui Dong, Mingzhen Lin, Xinxin Zheng & Qinzheng Yang

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Zhai, X., Liu, X., Dong, H. et al. Implementation of cytochrome c proteins and carbon nanotubes hybrids in bioelectrodes towards bioelectrochemical systems applications. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 47, 159–168 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-023-02933-x

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