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Effects of medium components in a glycerol-based medium on vitamin K (menaquinone-7) production by Bacillus subtilis natto in biofilm reactors

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Abstract

Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the most important form of Vitamin K has been reported to have miraculous benefits such as preventing cardiovascular diseases and osteoporosis along with antitumor effects. Therefore, there have been numerous studies in the past decades to improve MK-7 production via microbial fermentation. Unfortunately, both solid and liquid state fermentation strategies that are utilized for MK-7 production, face fundamental operational and scale-up issues as well as intense heat and mass transfer problems during fermentation. In this regard, biofilm reactors seem to be a practical solution to overcome these issues and enhance the production in agitated liquid fermentation. Therefore, this study was undertaken to utilize biofilm reactors in investigating and optimizing different media components in a glycerol-based medium. Using response surface methodology, the effects of glycerol, yeast extract, and soytone were studied in the fermentation medium on MK-7 production in biofilm reactor. With a composition of 48.2 g/L of glycerol, 8.1 g/L of yeast extracts, 13.6 g/L of soytone and 0.06 g/L of K2HPO4, MK-7 concentrations could reach 14.7 ± 1.4 mg/L in biofilm reactors, which was 57% higher compared to the MK-7 concentration achieved in suspended-cell reactors under similar conditions, while glycerol was depleted by the end of the fifth day in biofilm reactors, but glycerol was never depleted in suspended-cell reactors. Evidently, biofilm reactors present a reliable strategy to address the operational issues that occur during MK-7 biosynthesis on an industrial scale production.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Federal Appropriations under Project PEN04561 and Accession number 1002249. The authors thank the Statistical Consulting Center at The Pennsylvania State University for their support in providing useful consultation for data processing.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA

    Ehsan Mahdinia & Ali Demirci

  2. Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Waikato, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand

    Aydin Berenjian

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  1. Ehsan Mahdinia
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  2. Ali Demirci
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  3. Aydin Berenjian
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Correspondence to Ali Demirci.

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Mahdinia, E., Demirci, A. & Berenjian, A. Effects of medium components in a glycerol-based medium on vitamin K (menaquinone-7) production by Bacillus subtilis natto in biofilm reactors. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 42, 223–232 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-018-2027-8

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