Abstract
Belowground bud banks play a crucial role in plant population regeneration, community dynamics, and functional responses of ecosystems to environmental change and disturbance. In mesic grasslands, belowground bud banks are largely resistant to short-term drought. However, the sensitivity of belowground bud banks to long-term extreme drought in semi-arid grasslands is less understood. We investigated the legacy effects of a four-year experimental drought (i.e., 66% reduction in growing season precipitation) on belowground bud density, aboveground shoot density, and the meristem limitation index (MLI; the ratio of bud to shoot density) in two semi-arid grasslands that differ in dominant grass species growth forms (i.e., rhizomatous vs. bunchgrasses). Measurements were made during the first recovery year following drought; thus, we report the legacy effects of drought on belowground bud banks. At the community level, drought reduced belowground bud density and aboveground shoot density with no change in MLI. However, drought had no significant influences on belowground buds, aboveground shoots and MLI of the dominant plant growth form in each community. The legacy effects of drought were largely dependent on plant community type and growth form. Specifically, bunchgrasses and bunchgrass-dominated communities were characterized by greater meristem limitation than rhizomatous grasses, likely due to their cluster/phalanx clonal growth. Overall, our study suggests bud banks may indeed be sensitive to long-term drought, although this depends on plant growth forms and community characteristics.
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The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author.
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Acknowledgements
This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41877542, 32171549 and 31971465), Liaoning Provincial Science and Technology Plan Projects (2020JH1/10300006), Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA23080401), and Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS (2020199).
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JQ and WL conceived and designed the experiments. ZG, NT, LS, CX, ZZ and QY performed the experiments. WL, JQ and ZZ analyzed the data. JQ, TOM RJG and WL wrote the manuscript.
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Communicated by Brian J. Wilsey.
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Qian, J., Guo, Z., Muraina, T.O. et al. Legacy effects of a multi-year extreme drought on belowground bud banks in rhizomatous vs bunchgrass-dominated grasslands. Oecologia 198, 763–771 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-022-05133-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-022-05133-8