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Localisation of keratin K78 in the basal layer and first suprabasal layers of stratified epithelia completes expression catalogue of type II keratins and provides new insights into sequential keratin expression

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Abstract

Among the 26 human type II keratins, K78 is the only one that has not yet been explored with regard to its expression characteristics. Here, we show that, at both the transcriptional and translational levels, K78 is strongly expressed in the basal and parabasal cell layers with decreasing intensity in the lower suprabasal cells of keratinising and non-keratinising squamous epithelia and keratinocyte cultures. The same pattern has been detected at the transcriptional level in the corresponding mouse epithelia. Murine K78 protein, which contains an extraordinary large extension of its tail domain, which is unique among all known keratins, is not detectable by the antibody used. Concomitant studies in human epithelia have confirmed K78 co-expression with the classical basal keratins K5 and K14. Similarly, K78 co-expression with the differentiation-related type I keratins K10 (epidermis) and K13 (non-keratinising epithelia) occurs in the parabasal cell layer, whereas that of the corresponding type II keratins K1 (epidermis) and K4 (non-keratinising epithelia) unequivocally starts subsequent to the respective type I keratins. Our data concerning K78 expression modify the classical concept of keratin pair K5/K14 representing the basal compartment and keratin pairs K1/K10 or K4/K13 defining the differentiating compartment of stratified epithelia. Moreover, the K78 expression pattern and the decoupled K1/K10 and K4/K13 expression define the existence of a hitherto unperceived early differentiation stage in the parabasal layer characterized by K78/K10 or K78/K13 expression.

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Notes

  1. Reports on KRT79 are limited to the mouse homologue (Veniaminova et al. 2013; Kunisada et al. 2009).

  2. This antiserum was purchased in 2013. The antiserum of the same catalogue number was no longer available from Abcam in August 2015.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Hermann Stammer for his support with human qPCR data and Iris Martin for HaCaT and NEHK keratinocyte cultures (both German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany). Damir Krunic (DKFZ, Light Microscopy Core Facility) is gratefully acknowledged for support with the cLS microscopy. We also thank Ingrid Hausser-Siller (EM lab Dermatology, University of Heidelberg, Germany) and Rudolf Leube (Molecular Cell Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Germany) for fruitful discussions.

Funding

We are grateful for generous funding from the Wilhelm-Sander Stiftung, Munich (2007.133.2 to L.L.); L.E. was supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF): P23801.

Conflicts of interest

No conflicts of interest are declared.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Genetics of Skin Carcinogenesis, German Cancer Research Center, A110, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany

    Lutz Langbein & Silke Praetzel-Wunder

  2. Department of Dermatology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria

    Leopold Eckhart & Heinz Fischer

  3. Department of Molecular Genetics of the German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany

    Michael A. Rogers

  4. Institute of Fundamental Sciences and Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand

    David A. D. Parry

  5. German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany

    Walter Kittstein & Juergen Schweizer

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  1. Lutz Langbein
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Langbein, L., Eckhart, L., Fischer, H. et al. Localisation of keratin K78 in the basal layer and first suprabasal layers of stratified epithelia completes expression catalogue of type II keratins and provides new insights into sequential keratin expression. Cell Tissue Res 363, 735–750 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-015-2278-5

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