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Personalized medicine: going to the dogs?

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Abstract

Interindividual variation in drug response occurs in canine patients just as it does in human patients. Although canine pharmacogenetics still lags behind human pharmacogenetics, significant life-saving discoveries in the field have been made over the last 20 years, but much remains to be done. This article summarizes the available published data about the presence and impact of genetic polymorphisms on canine drug transporters, drug-metabolizing enzymes, drug receptors/targets, and plasma protein binding while comparing them to their human counterparts when applicable. In addition, precision medicine in cancer treatment as an application of canine pharmacogenetics and pertinent considerations for canine pharmacogenetics testing is reviewed. The field is poised to transition from single pharmacogene-based studies, pharmacogenetics, to pharmacogenomic-based studies to enhance our understanding of interindividual variation of drug response in dogs. Advances made in the field of canine pharmacogenetics will not only improve the health and well-being of dogs and dog breeds, but may provide insight into individual drug efficacy and toxicity in human patients as well.

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Acknowledgements

SEM and MHC are supported by American Kennel Club Canine Health Foundation Grant 2529. MHC is also supported by the William R. Jones endowment to Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine. KLM is supported by the Ott endowment to Washington State University. A gift from Wisdom Health has supported PrIMe research.

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  1. Program in Individualized Medicine (PrIMe), Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99163, USA

    Katrina L. Mealey, Stephanie E. Martinez, Nicolas F. Villarino & Michael H. Court

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  1. Katrina L. Mealey
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  2. Stephanie E. Martinez
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  3. Nicolas F. Villarino
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  4. Michael H. Court
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Correspondence to Katrina L. Mealey.

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KLM receives royalties from Washington State University for MDR1 (ABCB1) genotyping patents. All the other authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Mealey, K.L., Martinez, S.E., Villarino, N.F. et al. Personalized medicine: going to the dogs?. Hum Genet 138, 467–481 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00439-019-02020-w

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