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Molecular detection of Babesia spp. and Rickettsia spp. in coatis (Nasua nasua) and associated ticks from midwestern Brazil

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Abstract

Procyonids are reservoirs of many zoonotic infectious diseases, including tick-borne pathogens. The role of coatis (Nasua nasua) in the epidemiology of piroplasmids and Rickettsia has not been fully addressed in Brazil. To molecularly study these agents in coatis and associated ticks, animals were sampled in two urban areas in Midwestern Brazil. Blood (n = 163) and tick (n = 248) DNA samples were screened by PCR assays targeting the 18S rRNA and gltA genes of piroplasmids and Rickettsia spp., respectively. Positive samples were further molecularly tested targeting cox-1, cox-3, β-tubulin, cytB, and hsp70 (piroplasmid) and ompA, ompB, and htrA 17-kDa (Rickettsia spp.) genes, sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed. All coatis’ blood samples were negative for piroplasmids, whereas five pools of ticks (2%) were positive for two different sequences of Babesia spp.. The first from Amblyomma sculptum nymphs was close (i.e., ≥ 99% nucleotide identity) to a Babesia sp. previously found in capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris); the second from Amblyomma dubitatum nymphs and Amblyomma spp. larvae was identical (100% nucleotide identity) to a Babesia sp. detected in opossums (Didelphis albiventris) and associated ticks. Four samples (0.8%) were positive by PCR to two different Rickettsia spp. sequences, being the first from Amblyomma sp. larva identical to Rickettsia belli and the second from A. dubitatum nymph identical to Rickettsia species from Spotted Fever Group (SFG). The detection of piroplasmids and SFG Rickettsia sp. highlights the importance of Amblyomma spp. in the maintenance of tick-borne agents in urban parks where humans and wild and domestic animals are living in sympatry.

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Data availability

The datasets generated and analyzed during the current study are available in the NCBI GenBank Nucleotide platform (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank/) and can be accessed through the following accession numbers: Rickettsia sp. gltA (OQ054319, OQ054320, OQ054321, OQ054322), Babesia sp. 18SrRNA (OQ194049–OQ194053).

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the InsanaHuna Research Group (www.insanahuna.com) for the fieldwork support and to the reviewers whose suggestions significantly improved the paper. The authors also thank Prof. Marcelo Bahia Labruna (Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, University of São Paulo, USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil), who kindly provided the Rickettsia DNA positive control, and to Giada Annoscia (University of Bari) for the support at the molecular analyses.

Funding

This work was supported by FAPESP (Foundation for Research Support of the State of São Paulo) grants to M.R.A. (Process numbers #2018/02753–0; 2020/12037–0) and CNPq (National Council for Scientific and Technological Development) Productivity Grant to M.R.A. (CNPq Process # 303701/2021–8) and H.M.H. (CNPq Process #308768/2017–5). L.P. received scholarship from CNPq and FAPESP (2019/15150–4). M.A.B.S., J.A.M.R., and D.O. were partially supported by EU funding within the NextGenerationEU–MUR PNRR Extended Partnership initiative on Emerging Infectious Diseases (Project no. PE00000007, INF-ACT).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Vector-Borne Bioagents Laboratory (VBBL), Department of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, S/N, Zona Rural, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil

    L. Perles, A. C. Calchi, D. M. Barros-Battesti, R. Z. Machado & M. R. André

  2. Post-Graduation of Ecology and Conservation, Mato Grosso Do Sul Federal University, Campo Grande, MS, 13471-410, Brazil

    W. T. G. Barreto & H. M. Herrera

  3. Laboratory of Parasitic Biology, Environmental Sciences and Farming Sustainability, Dom Bosco Catholic University, Campo Grande, MS, 13471-410, Brazil

    G. C. de Macedo & H. M. Herrera

  4. Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy

    M. Bezerra-Santos, J. A. Mendoza-Roldan & D. Otranto

  5. Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran

    D. Otranto

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Contributions

L.P.: investigation and methodology, roles/writing—original draft, writing—review and editing. W.T.G.B.: investigation and methodology, writing—review and editing. G.C.d.M.: investigation and methodology, writing—review and editing. A.C.C.: investigation and methodology, writing—review and editing. M.B.-S.: investigation and methodology, writing—review and editing. J.A.M.-R.: investigation and methodology, writing—review and editing. D.O.: investigation and methodology, writing—review and editing. H.M.H.: funding acquisition, investigation and methodology, writing—review and editing. D.M.B.-B.: investigation and methodology, writing—review and editing. R.Z.M.: funding acquisition, investigation and methodology, writing—review and editing. M.R.A.: supervision, funding acquisition, roles/writing—original draft, writing—review and editing.

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Correspondence to M. R. André.

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Ethical statement

All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations and were approved by the “Instituto Chico Mendes de Biodiversidade” (ICMBio) (SISBIO 49662–8) and by the Ethics Committee on Animal Use of the School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, UNESP (CEUA FCAV/UNESP 06731/19), Ethics Committee on Animal Use of the Universidade Católica Dom Bosco (CEUA UCDB 001/2018), and “Sistema Nacional de Gestão de Patrimônio Genético” (ABDF0B5).

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Perles, L., Barreto, W.T.G., de Macedo, G.C. et al. Molecular detection of Babesia spp. and Rickettsia spp. in coatis (Nasua nasua) and associated ticks from midwestern Brazil. Parasitol Res 122, 1151–1158 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-023-07815-5

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