Abstract
This study investigated the influence of temporal and seasonal (i.e., rainy and dry seasons) in communities and infracommunities of metazoan parasites in Pimelodus ornatus, a Siluriformes from the Amazon River in the state of Amapá, in northern Brazil. A total of 144 fish were collected during 2020 and 2021. In 2020, five species of parasites were found (1 Monogenea, 3 Nematoda, and 1 Cestoda), and in 2021, seven species of parasites were found (1 Monogenea, 3 Nematoda, 1 Cestoda, 1 Digenea, and 1 Crustacea). In 2020, Spirocamallanus inopinatus was dominant, while in 2021, Contracaecum sp. was dominant. Brillouin diversity, species richness, and evenness were higher in 2021. There were differences for some parasite infracommunities between years and between seasonal periods. Brillouin diversity and species richness were higher in the rainy season, but there were no differences in evenness and Berger-Parker dominance between the seasonal periods. Temporal and seasonal variations were mainly influenced by rainfall levels, oxygen levels, and environmental temperature and, later, by the availability of infective stages of parasites in the environment and the size of the hosts. Lastly, the influence of the temporal and seasonal variations on the structure of communities and infracommunities of parasites was weaker than expected due to the low infection rates of the majority of parasites found.
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Funding
This study received financial support from the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq, Brazil) through a productivity grant to Tavares-Dias, M (#303013/2015–0).
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All authors contributed to the conception and design of the study. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Elvis Silva Lima. The first version of the manuscript was written by Elvis Silva Lima, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Ethics approval to obtain access to genetic heritage was authorized by the Brazilian Ministry of the Environment (SISBio n° 73550–1 and SisGen no AA4B6BA). This study was developed in accordance with the principles adopted by the Brazilian College of Animal Experimentation (COBEA) and was conducted under authorization from the Ethics Committee for Animal Use of Embrapa (protocol no 014/2018).
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Lima, E.S., Oliveira, M.S.B. & Tavares-Dias, M. Temporal and seasonal variation of metazoan parasites in Pimelodus ornatus (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) from the Amazon River, Brazil. Parasitol Res 121, 3171–3181 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-022-07637-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-022-07637-x