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Two new phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from the forest edge in Madagascar: the anthropophilic Phlebotomus artemievi sp. nov. and Sergentomyia maroantsetra ensis sp. nov.

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Abstract

A few data are related to the anthropophily of Malagasy Phlebotomine sandflies. Prior studies focussed mainly to inventories and description of new species. Our goal was to emphasize the anthropophily of Malagasy Phlebotomine sandflies. We worked in the Makira region, using two simultaneous methods: human landing catches (HLC) and CDC light traps. We collected sandflies in three rural communities adjacent to the Makira Natural Park. In each community, three different biotopes were sampled: within community settlements; at the edge of forest, typically in agricultural land; and within the forest. We collected 61 sandflies belonging to two new species presently described: Phlebotomus artemievi sp. nov. and Sergentomyia maroantsetraensis sp. nov. These sandflies were caught exclusively in the forest edge biotope. None were captured within communities or within forests. HLC provided 97% of the collected sandflies, corresponding to a human-biting rate of 15 females per human per night. CDC provided only two females. Ph. artemievi sp. nov. was predominantly captured by HLC and appears to be highly anthropophilic. Here, we update the behavioural ecology of sandflies and describe two new species. Further research is required to understand their vector competence and their ability to transmit arboviruses and other pathogens such as Leishmania.

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Data availability

The whole datasets provided and analysed during this study are publicly available. Please contact Fano José Randrianambinitsoa and Jérôme Dépaquit.

Abbreviations

CDC:

Centers for Disease Control

HLC:

Human Landing Catches

a.m.:

ante meridian

p.m.:

post meridian

a.s.l.:

above sea level

DNA:

DesoxyriboNucleic Acid

kDNA:

kinetoplast DesoxyriboNucleic Acid

mtDNA:

mitochondrion DesoxyriboNucleic Acid

rDNA:

ribosomal DesoxyriboNucleic Acid

cyt b:

cytochrome b

ITS2:

second Internal Transcribed Spacer

28S:

28 subunit

PNOC:

prepronociceptin

PNOCF:

PNOC Forward

PNOCR:

PNOC Reverse

PCA:

Principal Component Analysis

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Acknowledgements

We thank Dr. Benjamin Rice for critical reading of the manuscript. We would like to thank the Madagascar Health and Environmental Research (MAHERY) team and the Institut Pasteur of Madagascar for all of their logistical and intellectual support. We would also like to thank the residents of all communities in which we worked for hosting us during our research missions.

Funding

Field data collection was funded by the Madagascar Health and Environmental Research (MAHERY) team and the Institut Pasteur de Madagascar.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ANSES, EA7510 « ESCAPE » - USC ANSES « transmission vectorielle et épidémiosurveillance de maladies parasitaires (VECPAR) », Reims, France

    Fano José Randrianambinintsoa, Jérôme Depaquit & Jean-Philippe Martinet

  2. Medical Entomology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, BP1274, 101, Antananarivo, Madagascar

    Fano José Randrianambinintsoa & Luciano Michaël Tantely

  3. Laboratory Parasitology- Mycology, Hospital Maison Blanche, Reims, France

    Jérôme Depaquit

  4. Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02215, USA

    Christopher D. Golden

  5. Madagascar Health and Environmental Research (MAHERY), 512, Maroantsetra, Madagascar

    Christopher D. Golden

  6. Medical Entomology Platform, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia

    Sébastien Boyer

  7. MIVEGEC Unit, IRD, CNRS, University of Montpellier, 911 avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 CEDEX 5, Montpellier, France

    Vincent Robert

Authors
  1. Fano José Randrianambinintsoa
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  2. Jérôme Depaquit
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  3. Jean-Philippe Martinet
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  4. Christopher D. Golden
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  5. Sébastien Boyer
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  6. Vincent Robert
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  7. Luciano Michaël Tantely
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Contributions

FJR, VR, JD, and MLT wrote the first draft of the paper. FJR, JPM, and JD performed the morphological, molecular identification of the Phlebotomine sandflies in laboratory. MLT and CDG captured Phlebotomine sandflies in the field. CDG and SB facilitated the field study. FJR, JPM, JD, and VR facilitated the laboratory study. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Fano José Randrianambinintsoa.

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The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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Ethics approval and consent to participate: Institutional Ethical Clearance for the Phlebotomine sandflies collection had been obtained from the Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health (IRB# 14–0127), Office of Human Research Administration 90 Smith Street, 3rd Floor Boston, MA 02215.

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Section Editor: Domenico Otranto

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Randrianambinintsoa, F.J., Depaquit, J., Martinet, JP. et al. Two new phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from the forest edge in Madagascar: the anthropophilic Phlebotomus artemievi sp. nov. and Sergentomyia maroantsetra ensis sp. nov.. Parasitol Res 119, 1177–1199 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-020-06639-x

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