Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Prostate adenocarcinoma associated with prostatic infection due to Schistosoma haematobium. Case report and systematic review

  • Review
  • Published:
Parasitology Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Schistosomiasis affects more than 240 million people worldwide, an infection which may cause urogenital manifestations including, among others, squamous bladder cancer and prostate involvement. We describe the first case of a prostate adenocarcinoma associated with prostatic Schistosoma haematobium infection occurring in Angola. Prostate carcinoma was suspected because of high levels of prostate-specific antigen. This observation prompted us to review the literature on schistosomiaisis with respect to genital pathology and prostate cancer. Described genital manifestations in men include funiculitis, epididymitis, granulomata of the seminal vesicles, testicular masses, and prostate lesions which may cause haematospermia and infertility. In contrast to bladder cancer, only 12 reports including the present case on 17 cases on prostate carcinoma associated with schistosomiasis have been published worldwide. The rarity of reports on prostate carcinoma associated with schistosomiasis is partly due to diagnostic constraints, and its incidence is underestimated. However, in emerging countries, the incidence of prostate cancer appears to increase mainly as a result of urbanization and improved access to health care where schistosomiasis prevalence is decreasing.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abul-Khair MH, Arafa NM, Sobeih AM, Taalab AA (1980) Sonography of bilharzial masses of the scrotum. J Clin Ultrasound 8(3):239–240

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Al Adnani MS (1985) Schistosomiasis, metaplasia and squamous cell carcinoma of the prostate: histogenesis of the squamous cancer cells determined by localization of specific markers. Neoplasma 32(5):613–622

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Al Adnani MS (1986) Origin of carcinomas causing bladder neck obstruction demonstrated by immunoperoxidase localisation of specific antigens. Br J Urol 58(3):283–286

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alexis R, Domingo J (1986) Schistosomiasis and adenocarcinoma of prostate: a morphologic study. A case of prostatic adenocarcinoma coincident with Schistosoma mansoni. Hum Pathol 17(7):757–760

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Qahtani SM, Droupy SJ (2010) Testicular schistosomiasis. Saudi Med J 31(3):325–327

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Alsabti EA, Kamel A (1979) Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in patients with malignant and non-malignant diseases. Neoplasma 26(5):603–609

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Saeed O, Sheikh M, Kehinde EO, Makar R (2003) Seminal vesicle masses detected incidentally during transrectal sonographic examination of the prostate. J Clin Ultrasound 31(4):201–206

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Alves LS, Assis BP, Rezende MM (2004) Schistosomal epididymitis. Int Braz J Urol 30(5):413–415

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Amazigo UO, Anago-Amanze CI, Okeibunor JC (1997) Urinary schistosomiasis among school children in Nigeria: consequences of indigenous beliefs and water contact activities. J Biosoc Sci 29(1):9–18

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bacelar A, Castro LG, de Queiroz AC, Café E, Braz J (2007) Association between prostate cancer and schistosomiasis in young patients: a case report and literature review. Infect Dis 11(5):520–522

    Google Scholar 

  • Badmus TA, Takure AO, Osasan SA, Olajide AO, Sabageh DO (2012) Testicular schistosomiasis: a case report. Niger Postgrad Med J 19(1):50–51

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bambirra EA, Andrade Jde S, Bamberg A, de Souza EA, Mitidiero CE, de Souza AF (1986) Testicular schistosomiasis mansoni: a differential diagnostic problem with testicular neoplasias. Am J Trop Med Hyg 35(4):791–792

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Basílio de Oliveira CA, Aquino A, Simon EF, Eyer-Silva WA (2002) Concomitant prostatic schistosomiasis and adenocarcinoma: case report and review. Braz J Infect Dis 6(1):45–49

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bolarin DM, Badejo OA (1985) Prostate-specific aci phosphatase in Nigerian patients with prostate carcinoma. East Afr Med J 62(5):332–337

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Botelho MC, Machado JC, da Costa JM (2010a) Schistosoma haematobium and bladder cancer: what lies beneath? Virulence 1:84–87

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Botelho MC, Soares R, Vale N, Ribeiro R, Camilo V, Almeida R, Medeiros R, Gomes P, Machado JC, Correia da Costa JM (2010b) Schistosoma haematobium: identification of new estrogenic molecules with estradiol antagonistic activity and ability to inactivate estrogen receptor in mammalian cells. Exp Parasitol 126:526–535

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chaves E, Figueiredo JN (1965) Schistosomiasis of the scrotum. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 7(6):343–345

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chevillard C, Moukoko CE, Elwali NE, Bream JH, Kouriba B, Argiro L, Rahoud S, Mergani A, Henri S, Gaudart J, Mohamed-Ali Q, Young HA, Dessein AJ (2003) IFN-gamma polymorphisms (IFN-gamma +2109 and IFN-gamma +3810) are associated with severe hepatic fibrosis in human hepatic schistosomiasis (Schistosoma mansoni). J Immunol 171(10):5596–5601

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen RJ, Edgar SG, Cooper K (1995) Schistosomiasis and prostate cancer. Pathology 27(2):115–116

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Colley D, Bustinduy AL, Secor WE, King C (2014) Human schistosomiasis. Lancet 383(9936):2253–2264

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Corachan M, Valls ME, Gascon J, Almeda J, Vilana R (1994) Hematospermia: a new etiology of clinical interest. Am J Trop Med Hyg 50(5):580–584

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dauda MM, Rafindadi AH (2006) Testicular schistosomiasis simulating malignancy. Trop Dr 36:182–183

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dawam D, Kalayi GD, Osuide JA, Muhammad I, Garg SK (2001) Haematuria in Africa: is the pattern changing? BJU Int 87(4):326–330

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • de Cassio Saito O, de Barros N, Chammas MC, Oliveira IR, Cerri GG (2004) Ultrasound of tropical and infectious diseases that affect the scrotum. Ultrasound Q 20(1):12–18

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dey S, Zhang Z, Hablas A, Seifeldein IA, Ramadan M, El-Hamzawy H (2011) Geographic patterns of cancer in the population based. Cancer Epidemiol 35:254–264

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Durand F, Brion JP, Terrier N, Pinel C, Pelloux H (2004) Funiculitis due to Schistosoma haematobium: uncommon diagnosis using parasitologic analysis of semen. Am J Trop Med Hyg 70(1):46–47

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ebert W (1987) Incidence and significance of bilharziasis in the Republic of Mozambique state Caique. Z Urol Nephrol 80(11):625–628, German

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ehsani L, Osunkoya AO (2013) Schistosomiasis of the prostate: a case report. Anal Quant Cytol Histol 35(3):178–180

    Google Scholar 

  • Elem B, Patil PS, Lambert TK (1989) Giant fibrous pseudotumor of the testicular tunics in association with Schistosoma haematobium infection. J Urol 141(2):376–377

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feldmeier H, Krantz I, Poggensee G (1994) Female genital schistosomiasis as a risk-factor for the transmission of HIV. Int J STD AIDS 5(5):368–372

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Felix AS, Soliman AS, Khaled H, Zaghloul MS, Banerjee M, El-Baradie M, El-Kalawy M, Abd-Elsayed AA, Ismail K, Hablas A, Seifeldin IA, Ramadan M, Wilson ML (2008) The changing patterns of bladder cancer in Egypt over the past 26 years. Cancer Causes Control 19(4):421–429

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fievet JP, Gras C, Floch JJ, Zimmermann JM, Cazenave JC, Barnaud P (1985) Genitourinary bilharzioma. Isolated cases of vesical bilharzioma and epididymal bilharzioma. Med Trop (Marseille) 45(3):313–317, French

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gelfand M, Ross CMD, Blar DM, Castle WM, Weber MC (1970) Schistosomiasis of the male pelvic organs severity of infection as determined by digestion of tissue and histologic methods in 300 cadavers. Am Trop Med Hyg 19(5):779–784

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Githae GM (1992) Testicular schistosomiasis simulating a malignant tumour or tuberculosis. S Afr Med J 81(6):338

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Godec CJ, Grunberger I, Carr GA (1992) Simultaneous presence of schistosomiasis and advanced cancer in prostate. Urology 39(6):547–549

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hassan A, El-Mogy S, Zalata K, Mostafa T (2011) Testicular schistosomiasis: a case study. Fertil Steril 95(6):2124.e1–4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Honeycutt J, Hammam O, Fu CL, Hsieh MH (2014) Controversies and challenges in research on urogenital schistosomiasis-associated bladder cancer. Trends Parasitol. doi:10.1016/j.pt.2014.05.004 [Epub ahead of print]

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Houston W (1968) The Bantu prostate: a study of prostatic disease in Central Africa. J Urol 99(3):316–320

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hsing AW, Yeboah E, Biritwum R, Tettey Y, De Marzo AM, Adjei A, Netto GJ, Yu K, Li Y, Chokkalingam AP, Chu LW, Chia D, Partin A, Thompson IM, Quraishi SM, Niwa S, Tarone R, Hoover RN (2014) High prevalence of screen detected prostate cancer in West Africans: implications for racial disparity of prostate cancer. J Urol 192(3):730–735

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ihekwaba FN (1992) Schistosomiasis of the testis. Cent Afr J Med 38(3):123–127

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khinev A, Ralichkova L (1993) A case of urogenital schistosomiasis–a mask of acute scrotum. Khirurgiia (Sofiia) 46(5):56–57, Bulgarian

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • King CH, Blanton RE, Muchiri EM, Ouma JH, Kariuki HC, Mungai P, Magak P, Kadzo H, Ireri E, Koech DK (2004) Low heritable component of risk for infection intensity and infection-associated disease in urinary schistosomiasis among Wadigo village populations in Coast Province, Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 70(1):57–62

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kjetland EF, Leutscher PD, Ndhlovu PD (2012) A review of female genital schistosomiasis. Trends Parasitol 28(2):58–65

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lambertucci JR, Voieta I, Barbosa AJ (2007) Schistosomiasis mansoni of the prostate. [Article in English, Portuguese]. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 40(3):341–342

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Laryea DO, Awuah B, Amoako YA, Osei-Bonsu E, Dogbe J, Larsen-Reindorf R, Ansong D, Yeboah-Awudzi K, Oppong JK, Konney TO, Boadu KO, Nguah SB, Titiloye NA, Frimpong NO, Awittor FK, Martin IK (2014) Cancer incidence in Ghana, 2012: evidence from a population-based cancer registry. BMC Cancer 14(1):362

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leitão J (1989) Contribuição para o Estudo da Schistosomiase a S haematobium em Angola. Medical Thesis, Luanda University, Angola. Direcção Nacional de Controlo de Endemias. 47 pp. (Portuguese)

  • Leutscher P, Ramarokoto CE, Reimert C, Feldmeier H, Esterre P, Vennervald BJ (2000) Community-based study of genital schistosomiasis in men from Madagascar. Lancet 355(9198):117–118

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leutscher PD, Pedersen M, Raharisolo C, Jensen JS, Hoffmann S, Lisse I, Ostrowski SR, Reimert CM, Mauclere P, Ullum H (2005) Increased prevalence of leukocytes and elevated cytokine levels in semen from Schistosoma haematobium-infected individuals. J Infect Dis 191(10):11639–11647

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leutscher PD, Høst E, Reimert CM (2009) Semen quality in Schistosoma haematobium infected men in Madagascar. J Acta Trop 109(1):41–44

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lopes C (1983) A carcerização vesical na schistosomiase em Angola. Medical Thesis, Luanda Unversity, Angola: 125 pp. (Portuguese)

  • Lopes EJ, de Almeida CE, Jacobino M (2011) Schistosomiasis mansoni in the seminal vesicle. [Article in Portuguese]. Case Rep Infect Dis 2011:787961. doi:10.1155/2011/787961, Epub 2011 Jun 30

    Google Scholar 

  • Lukács T, Pajor L, Hamza L, El-Seaghy AA (1989) Schistosomal granulation masquerading as testicular tumour. Acta Chir Hung 30(3):187–191

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ma TK, Srigley JR (1995) Adenocarcinoma of prostate and schistosomiasis: a rare association. Histopathology 27(2):187–189

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Magoha GA (2007) Overview of prostate cancer in indigenous black Africans and blacks of African ancestry in diaspora 1935–2007. East Afr Med J 84(9 Suppl):3–11

    Google Scholar 

  • Malik MO, Ibrahim A (1982) Scrotal swellings in Sudanese patients: a surgical pathology study. Int Surg 67(4 Suppl):513–515

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Manasseh AN, Echejoh GO, Tanko MN, Silas OO, Dakum NK, Mandong BM (2009) Prostatic adenocarcinoma coexisting with schistosomiasis. A case report and review of literature. Int J Med Med Sci 1(3):33–37

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mazigo HD, Zinga M, Heukelbach J, Rambau P (2010) Case series of adenocarcinoma of the prostate associated with Schistosoma haematobium infection in Tanzania. J Glob Infect Dis 2(3):307–309

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McKenna G, Schousboe M, Paltridge G (1997) Subjective change in ejaculate as symptom of infection with Schistosoma haematobium in travellers. BMJ 315(7114):1000–1001

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mikhail NE, Tawfic MI, Hadi AA, Akl M (1988) Schistosomal orchitis simulating malignancy. J Urol 140(1):147–148

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Health of Angola (2005) Ministerio de Ministério da Saúde de Angola (MINSA). Inquérito Nacional sobre prevalência de helmintíases intestinais e das schistosomíases en crianças em idade escolar. Ministério da Saúde de Angola pp. 1–23. In Portuguese

  • Mohammed AZ, Alhassan SU, Edino ST, Ochicha (2003) Histopathological review of prostatic diseases in Kano, Nigeria. Niger Postgrad Med J 10(1):1–5

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG (2009) PRISMA group preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. J Clin Epidemiol 62(10):1006–1012

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moné H, Minguez S, Ibikounlé M, Allienne JF, Massougbodji A, Mouahid G (2012) Natural interactions between S. haematobium and S. guineensis in the Republic of Benin. Sci World J: e793420

  • Mortati Neto N, Grando JP, Moreira HA (2004) Testicular schistosomiasis mimicking tumour. Int Braz J Urol 30(6):502–503

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nabeeh A, Gomha M, Shaaban AA, El-Baz M, El-Dosoky I, Ashamallah A, Ghoneim MA (1995) Orthotopic bladder substitutes: histopathologic risk factors. Scand J Urol Nephrol 29(4):463–467

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ndeffo Mbah ML, Poolman EM, Drain PK, Coffee MP, van der Werf MJ, Galvani AP (2013) HIV and Schistosoma haematobium prevalences correlate in sub-Saharan Africa. Trop Med Int Health 18(10):1174–1179

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ndeffo Mbah ML, Gilbert JA, Galvani AP (2014) Evaluating the potential impact of mass praziquantel administration for HIV prevention in Schistosoma haematobium high-risk communities. Epidemics 7:22–27

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Obertova Z, Brown C, Holmes H, Lawrenson R (2012) Prostate cancer, incidence and mortality in rural men – a systematic review. Rural Remote Health 12:epub2039

    Google Scholar 

  • Ogunbiyi OJ (2011) Impact of health system challenges on prostate cancer control: health care experiences in Nigeria. Infect Agent Cancer 6(Suppl 2):5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Okani C, Akang E, Ogunbiyi O (2013) Incidence of sub-clinical prostatic disease at autopsy in the University College Hospital, Ibadan. Open J Urol 3:80–86

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Okesina AB (2009) Pathology in West Africa problems of training and practice. Bull R Soc Pathol 148:306–308

    Google Scholar 

  • Oliveira ES (1951) Schistosomiasis and an elephantoid state; case of an elephantoid condition of the scrotum with the presence of Schistosoma ova. Folha Med 32(20):159–160, Portuguese

    Google Scholar 

  • Omer EF (1985) Inflammatory conditions and semen quality among subfertile Sudanese males. Trop Dr 15(1):27–28

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Osegbe DN, Amaku EO (1984) Haematuria in Nigerians: a prospective study. J Trop Med Hyg 87(3):115–117

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parkin DM, Sitas F, Chirenje M, Stein L, Abratt R, Wabinga H (2008) Part I: cancer in Indigenous Africans–burden, distribution, and trends. Lancet Oncol 9(7):683–692

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Patil PS, Elem B (1988) Schistosomiasis of the prostate and the seminal vesicles: observations in Zambia. J Trop Med Hyg 91(5):245–248

  • Pawel BR, Osman J, Nance ML, McGowan KL (2008) Schistosomiasis: an unexpected finding in an inguinal hernia sac. Pediatr Dev Pathol 11(5):402–404

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pérignon A, Pelicot M, Consigny PH (2007) Genital schistosomiasis in a traveler coming back from Mali. J Travel Med 14(3):197–199

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Periyasamy P, Subramaniam SR, Rajalingham S (2011) An increasingly notorious mimicker of testicular tumours; crossing borders. BMJ Case Rep. doi:10.1136/bcr.09.2011.4816

    Google Scholar 

  • Peters N, Armstrong K (2005) Racial differences in prostate cancer treatment outcomes: a systematic review. Cancer Nurs 2:108–118

    Google Scholar 

  • Powell SJ, Engelbrecht HE, Welchman JM (1968) Hydronephrosis and urinary tract bilharziasis. A radiological and necropsy survey. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 62(2):231–237

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ramarokoto CE, Leutscher PD, van Dam G, Christensen NO (2008) Ultrasonographical findings in the urogenital organs in women and men infected with Schistosoma haematobium in northern Madagascar. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 102(8):767–773

  • Rambau PF, Chandika A, Chalya PL, Jackson K (2009) Scrotal swelling and testicular atrophy due to schistosomiasis in a 9-year-old boy: a case report. Acta Trop 109(1):41–44

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Richter J (2000) Evolution of schistosomiasis-induced pathology after therapy and interruption of exposure to schistosomes: a review of ultrasonographic studies. Acta Trop 77:111–131

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Richter J, Stegemann U, Häussinger (2002) Hydrocele in a young boy with Schistosoma mansoni infection. Brit J Urol 89:1–2

  • Richter J, Hatz C, Häussinger D (2003) Ultrasound in tropical and parasitic diseases. Lancet 362:900–902

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Richter J, Lux J, Reinecke P, Müller-Mattheis V (2008) Of flukes and fistulae. Lancet 371(9620):1308

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Saeed IE, Weng HY, Mohamed KH, Mohammed SI (2014) Cancer incidence in Khartoum, Sudan: first results from the cancer registry, 2009–2010. Cancer Med Cancer Med 3(4):1075–1084

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Santos J, Gouveia MJ, Vale N, Delgado Mde L, Gonçalves A, da Silva JM, Oliveira C, Xavier P, Gomes P, Santos LL, Lopes C, Barros A, Rinaldi G, Brindley PJ, da Costa JM, Sousa M, Botelho MC (2014) Urinary estrogen metabolites and self-reported infertility in women infected with Schistosoma haematobium. PLoS One 9(5):e96774. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0096774, eCollection 2014

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schanz A, Richter J, Beyer I, Baldus SE, Hess AP, Kruessel JS (2010) Genital schistosomiasis as a cause of female sterility and acute abdomen. Fertil Steril 93(6):2075 e9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz E, Pick N, Shazberg G, Potasman I (2002) Hematospermia due to schistosome infection in travelers: diagnostic and treatment challenges. Clin Infect Dis 35(11):1420–1424

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sharfi AR, Hassan O (1994) Evaluation of haematuria in Khartoum. East Afr Med J 71(1):29–31

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shebel HM, Elsayes KM, Abou El Atta HM, Elguindy YM, El-Diasty TA (2012) Genitourinary schistosomiasis: life cycle and radiologic-pathologic findings. Radiographics 32(4):1031–1046

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sherif M, Ibrahim AS, El-Aaser AA (1980) Prostatic carcinoma in Egypt: epidemiology and etiology. Scand J Urol Nephrol Suppl 55:25–26

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sukov RJ, Scardino PT, Sample WF, Winter J, Confer DJ (1977) Computed tomography and transabdominal ultrasound in the evaluation of the prostate. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1(3):281–289

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson IM, Ankerst DP (2007) Prostate-specific antigen in the early detection of prostate cancer. CMAJ 176(13):1853–1858

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tindall EA, Bornman MS, van Zyl S, Segone AM, Monare LR, Venter PA, Hayes VM (2013) Addressing the contribution of previously described genetic and epidemiological risk factors associated with increased prostate cancer risk and aggressive disease within men from South Africa. BMC Urol 13:74. doi:10.1186/1471-2490-13-74

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Torresi J, Sheori H, Ryan N, Yung A (1997) Usefulness of semen microscopy in the diagnosis of a difficult case of Schistosoma haematobium infection in a returned traveler. J Travel Med 4(1):46–47

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tungekar MF, Al Adnani MS (1986) Sarcomas of the bladder and prostate: the role of immunohistochemistry and ultrastructure in diagnosis. Eur Urol 12(3):180–183

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vilana R, Corachan M, Gascon J, Valls E, Bru C (1997) Schistosomiasis of the male genital tract: transrectal sonographic findings. J Urol 4:1491–1493

    Google Scholar 

  • Wabinga HR, Nambooze S, Amulen PM, Okello C, Mbus L, Parkin DM (2014) Trends in the incidence of cancer in Kampala, Uganda 1991–2010. Int J Cancer 135(2):432–439

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wedel PG, Jess P (1991) Testicular schistosomiasis simulating malignancy. Case report. Scand J Urol Nephrol 25(3):237–238

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Whitty CJ, Mabey DC, Armstrong M, Wright SG, Chiodini PL (2000) Presentation and outcome of 1107 cases of schistosomiasis from Africa diagnosed in a non-endemic country. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 94:531–534

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization (WHO) (2014) Schistosomiasis, Fact sheet N°115. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs115/en/. Last accessed Dec 17, 2014

  • Xue K, Pridgeon S, Gillibrand R, Sanchez de Crespo J, Godbole H, Fowlis G (2011) Clinical presentations of Schistosoma hematobium: three case reports and review. Can J Urol 18(3):5757–5762

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yu Z, Wei C, Wang Y, Ye Z, Wang Z, Chen Z, Ni L, Yang S, Gui Y, Guan Z, Cai Z, Lai Y (2013) Prostatic Schistosoma japonicum with atypical immunophenotyping of individual glandular tubes: a case report and review of the literature. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 44(4):568–573

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zaher MF, El-Deeb AA (1971) Bilharziasis of the prostate: its relation to bladder neck obstruction and its management. J Urol 106(2):257–261

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Urology Service, Hospital Américo Boavida, Avenida Hoji Ya Henda, Luanda, Angola

    Jacinta Chaves Figueiredo, Nilo Borja & Antonino Balaca

  2. Tropical Medicine Unit, Department for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospitals, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, FR, Germany

    Joachim Richter

  3. Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Hospital Américo Boavida, Universidade Agostinho Neto, Avenida Hoji Ya Henda, Luanda, Angola

    Sandra Costa

  4. Medical Parasitology Unit/Medical Helminthology and Malacology Group, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008, Lisbon, Portugal

    Silvana Belo & Maria Amélia Grácio

Authors
  1. Jacinta Chaves Figueiredo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Joachim Richter
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Nilo Borja
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Antonino Balaca
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Sandra Costa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Silvana Belo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Maria Amélia Grácio
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Joachim Richter.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Figueiredo, J.C., Richter, J., Borja, N. et al. Prostate adenocarcinoma associated with prostatic infection due to Schistosoma haematobium. Case report and systematic review. Parasitol Res 114, 351–358 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-014-4250-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-014-4250-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation