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New data on the ultrastructure of the proboscis in females of Bonellia viridis (Annelida: Bonellinae)

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Abstract

Although Bonellia viridis is the best studied echiurid species, many features of its anatomy and ultrastructure are still unclear. Detailed data on the organisation of the proboscis may help us to understand the echiurid biology and some aspects of their feeding behaviour. In this study, a detailed description of the proboscis epithelium of females of B. viridis is provided. According to histological specificities, four zones of proboscis stem can be distinguished: dorsal, ventral, and two lateral. These zones differ from each other in ciliation and abundance of bonellin-producing and gland cells. Each zone provides certain functions: protective for dorsal, transport of food particles for ventral, and agglutination of food particles for lateral. Ciliated cells have been described in the epithelium of the dorsal side of the proboscis stem for the first time. These cells probably supply the slow ciliary movements of the proboscis. For the first time, the organisation of epithelial cells is described: these cells contain many pinocytotic vesicles, multivesicular bodies, and phagosomes, whose presence may provide evidence of the ability of epithelial cells to consume nutrients. The absence of continuous basal lamina under the ventral epithelium is ascertained and may be explained by the activity of bonellin-producing cells, which constantly penetrate between epithelial cells. In bonellin-producing cells, voluminous perinuclear space and the contribution of rough endoplasmic reticulum into the formation of bonellin-containing granules are detected for the first time. For the first time, the neurite bundles extending from lateral nerve cords to gland cells and bonellin-producing cells are discovered.

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Acknowledgements

This study was conducted with financial support from the Russian Science Foundation (#18-04-00082-P), Russian Foundation for Basic Research (#20-04-00096), and supported by the Vernadski Grant of the French Embassy in the Russian Federation. The research was performed at the User Facilities Center of M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University with financial support from the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation. The study was also supported by a Moscow State University Grant for Leading Scientific Schools "Depository of the Living Systems" within the MSU Development Program. The work of AE was conducted under the IDB RAS Government basic research program in 2021 № 0088-2021-0009. We thank the Morphology Service of the Mediterranean Institute of Marine and Terrestrial Biodiversity and Ecology (IMBE) for technical support. We are grateful to Laurent Vanbostal, OSU Pytheas, Marseille for Bonnelia viridis collection.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, bld. 12, 119991, Moscow, Russia

    Petr Kuznetsov & Elena Temereva

  2. Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d’Ecologie Marine et Continentale (IMBE), Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, Avignon University, Station Marine d’Endoume, Rue de la Batterie des Lions, 13007, Marseille, France

    Alexander Ereskovsky

  3. Department of Embryology, Faculty of Biology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, 199034, Saint Petersburg, Russia

    Alexander Ereskovsky

  4. Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Street 26, 119334, Moscow, Russia

    Alexander Ereskovsky

Authors
  1. Petr Kuznetsov
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  2. Alexander Ereskovsky
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  3. Elena Temereva
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Contributions

PK performed the histology, prepared the serial sections, made some schemes, and photographed the sections. AE collected and fixed the animals, helped interpret the results, and helped to write the manuscript. ET prepared all figures, wrote the manuscript, and interpreted the results.

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Correspondence to Elena Temereva.

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Kuznetsov, P., Ereskovsky, A. & Temereva, E. New data on the ultrastructure of the proboscis in females of Bonellia viridis (Annelida: Bonellinae). Zoomorphology 140, 453–468 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00435-021-00541-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00435-021-00541-5

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