Demographic disparities in trend of gynecological cancer in the United States

Abstract

Purpose

This study aimed to analyze the age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) per 100,000 for gynecological cancer-related deaths in the United States from 1999 to 2020. We compare trends by different demographic groups to identify significant disparities in these rates between populations within the United States.

Methods

The National Cancer Institute's Joinpoint Regression Program was used to calculate the average Annual Percent Change (AAPC) to identify trends over the study period using data from the CDC Wonder database, which comprises of demographic information for all causes of mortality in the United States from death certificate records.

Results

From 1999 to 2020, the African American population exhibited a significant downtrend (AAPC, -0.8% [95% CI, – 1.0% to – 0.6%]; p < 0.01), while the white population also demonstrated a notable downtrend (AAPC, – 1.0% [95% CI, – 1.2% to – 0.8%]; p < 0.01). Similarly, the AI/AN population experienced a decline (AAPC, – 1.6% [95% CI, – 2.4% to – 0.9%]; p < 0.01). The AAPI population did not observe a significant trend (AAPC, – 0.2% [95% CI, – 0.5% to 0.5%]; p = 0.127). In addition, the Hispanic/LatinX population experiencing a lower rate of decline compared to non-Hispanics (p = 0.025).

Conclusions

We found that the AI/AN population to observe the greatest downtrend in mortality rates, while the AAPI observed the least and that the African American population observed a smaller downtrend when compared to the white population. In addition, the Hispanic/LatinX community are significantly being underserved by developing therapies compared to the non-Hispanic/LatinX population. These findings provide valuable insights into the impact of gynecological cancers on specific demographic groups, emphasizing the urgency of targeted interventions to address disparities and improve outcomes.