Abstract
Purpose
Fecal immunochemical test (FIT) once a year or colonoscopy once in 10 years is the option approved for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening for asymptomatic individuals aged ≥ 50 years in the Czech Republic. We analyzed participation in the screening program to determine possible improvements.
Methods
In this observational cross-sectional study, data were collected from 4044 randomly chosen individuals from the Czech population (1866 men, 2178 women) aged ≥ 50 years by questionnaires. Individuals who underwent colonoscopy within the last 10 years or/and FIT within the last 2 years were classified as participants in the screening.
Results
1050 individuals underwent FIT, 464 colonoscopy, and 558 underwent both. Adjusted for age, gender, and education, a higher chance of participation in the screening was observed in groups of non-smokers (OR = 1.25; CI 1.05–1.48), ex-smokers (OR = 1.51; CI 1.26–1.83), consuming smoked meat products less than once a week (OR = 1.26; CI 1.09–1.45), practicing physical activity at least once a week (OR = 1.25; CI 1.03–1.51), hospitalized in the past 12 months (OR = 1.73; CI 1.47–2.05), or consulting a general practitioner (GP) in the past 12 months (OR = 2.26; CI 1.87–2.74). The chance of participation of individuals having a risk factor for CRC (obesity, smoking, diabetes, low physical activity, alcohol drinking) was not higher compared to those without the risk factors.
Conclusion
Individuals with a tendency to a healthy lifestyle or being in recent contact with the healthcare system by various means, mainly visiting a GP, had a higher participation in the screening for CRC. Among groups with an increased risk for CRC, higher participation was not shown.
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Data availability
This study is based on data from Eurostat—European Health Interview Survey (EHIS) 2014. The data of EHIS 2014 are official, public, and institutionally available from Eurostat. The authors obtained the data for the research purposes by an application according to the criteria of Eurostat. The responsibility for all conclusions drawn from the data lies entirely with the authors.
Abbreviations
- CRC:
-
Colorectal cancer
- EHIS:
-
European Health Interview Survey
- EU:
-
European Union
- FIT:
-
Fecal immunochemical test
- GP:
-
General practitioner
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Acknowledgements
Dion Pritchard is thanked for language editing.
Funding
Michala Lustigová has received research support from the NPO "Systemic Risk Institute" number LX22NPO5101, funded by the European Union—Next Generation EU (Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports, NPO: EXCELES).
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AR, ML, JU, RK, and JB contributed to conceptualization; ML, RK, JM, and JB were involved in methodology; AR, ML, JU, JB, PK, JŠ, MW, ŠH, JM, and JD performed formal analysis and investigation; PK, JŠ, MW, ŠH, and JD were involved in data curation; AR and JB were involved in writing—original draft preparation; ML, JU, RK, PK, JŠ, MW, ŠH, JM, and JD were involved in writing—review and editing; ML contributed to funding acquisition and resources; ML and JB did supervision.
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This study is based on data from Eurostat—European Health Interview Survey (EHIS) 2014. The data of EHIS 2014 are official, public, and institutionally available from Eurostat. The authors obtained the data for the research purposes by an application according to the criteria of Eurostat. The EHIS 2014 had obtained ethical approval and no further ethical approval was needed to access the public dataset used in this study. All protocols for conducting the survey for data collection are available on the official Eurostat website: EUR-Lex-02008R1338–20210101—EN-EUR-Lex. This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
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Romanová, A., Lustigová, M., Urbanová, J. et al. Factors affecting participation in the colorectal cancer screening program: a cross-sectional population study. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 149, 11135–11143 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-023-04972-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-023-04972-z