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Evolution of predictive and prognostic biomarkers in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer

  • Review – Clinical Oncology
  • Published:
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Abstract

Despite new therapeutic options, advanced gastric cancer remains associated with a poor prognosis compared with other cancers. Recent gains in the treatment of gastric cancer were accompanied by the identification of novel biomarkers associated with various cellular pathways and corresponding diagnostic technologies. It is expected that the standardization of clinical workflow and technological refinements in biomarker assessment will support greater personalization and further improve treatment outcomes. In this article, we review the current state of prognostic and predictive biomarkers in gastric cancer.

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Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA (MSD) is committed to providing qualified scientific researchers access to anonymized data and clinical study reports from the company’s clinical trials for the purpose of conducting legitimate scientific research. MSD is also obligated to protect the rights and privacy of trial participants and, as such, has a procedure in place for evaluating and fulfilling requests for sharing company clinical trial data with qualified external scientific researchers. The MSD data sharing website (available at: http://engagezone.msd.com/ds_documentation.php) outlines the process and requirements for submitting a data request. Applications will be promptly assessed for completeness and policy compliance. Feasible requests will be reviewed by a committee of MSD subject matter experts to assess the scientific validity of the request and the qualifications of the requestors. In line with data privacy legislation, submitters of approved requests must enter into a standard data-sharing agreement with MSD before data access is granted. Data will be made available for request after product approval in the US and EU or after product development is discontinued. There are circumstances that may prevent MSD from sharing requested data, including country or region-specific regulations. If the request is declined, it will be communicated to the investigator. Access to genetic or exploratory biomarker data requires a detailed, hypothesis-driven statistical analysis plan that is collaboratively developed by the requestor and MSD subject matter experts; after approval of the statistical analysis plan and execution of a data-sharing agreement, MSD will either perform the proposed analyses and share the results with the requestor or will construct biomarker covariates and add them to a file with clinical data that is uploaded to an analysis portal so that the requestor can perform the proposed analyses.

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Acknowledgements

Funding for this study was provided by Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA. Medical writing and/or editorial assistance was provided by Dominic Singson, MD, and Holly C. Cappelli, PhD, CMPP, of ApotheCom (Yardley, PA, USA). This assistance was funded by Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA.

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Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Merck & Co., Inc., 90 E. Scott Avenue, Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA

    Nicole M. Myer & Z. Alexander Cao

  2. Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan

    Kohei Shitara

  3. Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

    Hyun C. Chung

  4. Medical Department (Oncology, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Pulmonology, and Infectious Diseases), University Cancer Center Leipzig (UCCL), Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany

    Florian Lordick

  5. Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA

    Ronan J. Kelly

  6. Merck & Co., Inc., Ringstrasse 27 Kriens, LUZERN, 6010, Switzerland

    Zsolt Szabo

  7. Merck & Co., Inc., 351 N Sumneytown Pike, North Wales, PA, 19454, USA

    Stephen Leong

  8. Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA

    David H. Ilson

  9. Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany

    Wilko Weichert

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  1. Nicole M. Myer
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Contributions

NMM, KS, RJK, ZS, AC, SL, and DHL conceived, designed, and planned the study; KS, FL, and RJK acquired the data; HCC, RJK, ZS, and SL analyzed the data; NMM, KS, HCC, FL, RJK, ZS, SL, and DHL interpreted the data; NMM, KS, HCC, FL, WW, RJK, ZS, AC, SL, and DHL critically reviewed or revised the manuscript for important intellectual content; NMM, KS, HCC, WW, RJK, ZS, SL, and DHL drafted the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Nicole M. Myer.

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Conflict of interest

Nicole M. Myer is an employee of Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA. Kohei Shitara reports advisory role for Astellas Pharma, Eli Lilly and Company, Bristol Myers Squibb, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Pfizer Inc., Ono Pharmaceutical, Novartis, AbbVie Inc., Daiichi Sankyo, Taiho Pharmaceutical, Merck Pharmaceutical, GlaxoSmithKline, Amgen, and Boehringer Ingelheim; research funding for Astellas Pharma, Ono Pharmaceutical, Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma, Merck Pharmaceutical, Medi Science, and Eisai; and honoraria (lecture fee) for Novartis, AbbVie Inc., and Yakult. Hyun C. Chung reports grants and non-financial support to his institution for Lilly, GSK, MSD, Merck-Serono, BMS, Taiho, Amgen, BeiGene, Incyte, and Zymeworks; honoraria (personal fees and non-financial support) for Merck-Serono and Lilly; and consultation (personal fees and non-financial support) for Taiho, Celltrion, MSD, Lilly, BMS, Merck-Serono, Gloria, BeiGene, Amgen, and Zymeworks. Florian Lordick reports grants and personal fees for Merck, Amgen, Astellas, AstraZeneca, Bayer, BioNTech, Eli Lilly, Roche, and Servier. Ronan J. Kelly reports advisory board and consultant (personal fees and other) for Merck & Co., Inc., BMS, AstraZeneca, Daiichi Sankyo, Astellas, and Novartis; and grants to his institution for BMS and Eli Lily. Zsolt Szabo is an employee of Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA and stockholder of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA. Z. Alexander Cao is an employee of Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA and stockholder of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA. Stephen Leong reports non-financial support for BMS, Deciphera, and Kryopharma and is an employee of Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA. David H. Ilson reports advisory board for Merck & Co., Inc., Amgen, Lilly, AstraZeneca, BMS, Bayer, Taiho, Roche, and Astellas. Wilko Weichert reports advisory boards and speakers bureaus for Roche, MSD, BMS, AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Merck, Lilly, Boehringer, Novartis, Takeda, Bayer, Amgen, Astellas, Illumina, Siemens, Agilent, GSK, Eisai, and Molecular Health; and research grants to his institution for Roche, MSD, BMS, and AstraZeneca.

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Myer, N.M., Shitara, K., Chung, H.C. et al. Evolution of predictive and prognostic biomarkers in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 148, 2023–2043 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-021-03902-1

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