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Effects and individual response of continuous and interval training on adiponectin concentration, cardiometabolic risk factors, and physical fitness in overweight adolescents

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Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the effect and individual responsiveness after 12 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity of continuous training (MICT) on adiponectin, cardiometabolic risk factors and physical fitness in overweight adolescents. This study was participated by 52 adolescents, both sexes, 11 and 16 years old, separated into HIIT (n = 13), MICT (n = 15), and control group (CG, n = 24). Body mass, height, waist circumference (WC), fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c), triglycerides, glucose, insulin, adiponectin, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were evaluated. Body mass index z-score (BMI-z), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), insulin resistance, and insulin sensitivity were calculated. Resting heart rate (HRrest), peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak), right handgrip strength (HGS-right), left handgrip strength (HGS-left), and abdominal resistance (ABD) was evaluated. HIIT session lasted around 35 min and MICT of 60 min of exercises on stationary bicycle, three times a weekday for 12 weeks. ANOVA, effect size, and prevalence of responders were used for statistical analysis. HIIT reduced BMI-z, WHtR, LDL-c, and CRP, while increased of physical fitness. MICT reduced HDL-c, while increased of physical fitness. CG reduced FM, HDL-c, and CRP, while increased FFM and HRrest. Frequencies of respondents in HIIT were observed for CRP, VO2peak, HGS-right, and HGS-left. Frequencies of respondents in MICT were observed for CRP and HGS-right. Frequencies of no-respondents in CG were observed for WC, WHtR, CRP, HRrest, and ABD.

  Conclusion: Interventions with exercises were effective to adiposity, metabolic health, and physical fitness improvements. Individual responses were observed in inflammatory process and physical fitness, important changes in overweight adolescent’s therapy.

  Trial registration number and date of registration: This study was registered with the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (REBEC), the number RBR-6343y7, date of registration May 3, 2017.

What is Known:

• Effect of regular physical exercise positively affects overweight, comorbidities, and metabolic diseases, recommended mainly for children and adolescents.

What is New:

• Due to the great inter-individual variability, the same stimulus can provide different responses; adolescents who benefit from the stimulus are considered responsive.

• Intervention of HIIT and MICT did not alter the concentrations of adiponectin; however, the adolescents presented responsiveness to the inflammatory process and physical fitness.

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Data availability

Data are available on request from the authors.

Abbreviations

ABD:

Abdominal resistance

APHV:

Age at peak height velocity

BMI-z:

Body mass index z-score

CG:

Control group

CRP:

C-reactive protein

DBP:

Diastolic blood pressure

FM:

Fat mass

FFM:

Fat-free mass

HDL-c:

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol

HGS-right:

Right handgrip strength

HGS-left:

Left handgrip strength

HIIT:

High-intensity interval training

HOMA-IR:

Homeostasis model to assessment insulin resistance

HRrest :

Resting heart rate

LDL-c:

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol

MICT:

Moderate-intensity of continuous training

PHV:

Peak height velocity

QUICKI:

Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index

SBP:

Systolic blood pressure

TG:

Triglycerides

VO2peak :

Peak oxygen consumption

WC:

Waist circumference

WHtR:

Waist-to-height ratio

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Funding

Study was financed by Fundação Araucária-PR/SESA-PR/Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)/MS-Decit-PPSUS. Study was financed in part by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) — Finance Code 001. MCT was supported by CNPq — Postdoctoral. NL was supported by CNPq — Research Productivity.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraná, Col. Francisco H. dos Santos, Curitiba, Brazil, 81531-980

    Maiara Cristina Tadiotto, Patricia Ribeiro Paes Corazza, Francisco Jose de Menezes-Junior, Frederico Bento de Moraes-Junior, Tatiana Aparecida Affornali Tozo & Neiva Leite

  2. Department of Medicine, Positive University, Curitiba, Brazil

    Kátia Sheylla Malta Purim

  3. Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

    Jorge Mota & Neiva Leite

Authors
  1. Maiara Cristina Tadiotto
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  2. Patricia Ribeiro Paes Corazza
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  3. Francisco Jose de Menezes-Junior
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  4. Frederico Bento de Moraes-Junior
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  5. Tatiana Aparecida Affornali Tozo
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  6. Kátia Sheylla Malta Purim
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  7. Jorge Mota
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  8. Neiva Leite
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Contributions

The manuscript was written by MCT and NL, as well as reviewers PRPC, FJMJ, FBMJ, TAAT, KSMP, JM, and NL. Concept and design: MCT, PRPC, FJMJ, FBMJ, TAAT, KSMP, and NL. Methodology: MCT, PRPC, FJMJ, FBMJ, KSMP, and NL. Data acquisition: MCT, PRPC, and NL. Supervision: KSMP and NL. Data analysis and interpretation: MCT and NL. All approved the final version to be submitted.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Maiara Cristina Tadiotto.

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval

The study was performed in line with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol has been approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the UniDBSCO University Center — Brazil (no. 1.990.654, CAAE 62963916.0.0000.5223/2017).

Consent to participate

Parents and/or guardians and adolescents were informed of the procedures of the study, and all provided written informed consent.

Consent for publication

Not applied.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Communicated by Peter de Winter.

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Tadiotto, M.C., Corazza, P.R.P., Menezes-Junior, F.J. et al. Effects and individual response of continuous and interval training on adiponectin concentration, cardiometabolic risk factors, and physical fitness in overweight adolescents. Eur J Pediatr 182, 2881–2889 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-023-04974-6

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