Abstract
Laminar architecture of primary auditory cortex (A1) has long been investigated by traditional histochemical techniques such as Nissl staining, retrograde and anterograde tracings. Uncertainty still remains, however, about laminar boundaries in mice. Here we investigated the cortical lamina structure by combining neuronal tracing and immunofluorochemistry for laminar specific markers. Most retrogradely labeled corticothalamic neurons expressed Forkhead box protein P2 (Foxp2) and distributed within the laminar band of Foxp2-expressing cells, identifying layer 6. Cut-like homeobox 1 (Cux1) expression in layer 2–4 neurons divided the upper layers into low expression layers 2/3 and high expression layers 3/4, which overlapped with the dense terminals of vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (vGluT2) and anterogradely labeled lemniscal thalamocortical axons. In layer 5, between Cux1-expressing layers 2–4 and Foxp2-defined layer 6, retrogradely labeled corticocollicular projection neurons mostly expressed COUP-TF interacting protein 2 (Ctip2). Ctip2-expressing neurons formed a laminar band in the middle of layer 5 distant from layer 6, creating a laminar gap between the two laminas. This gap contained a high population of commissural neurons projecting to contralateral A1 compared to other layers and received vGluT2-immunopositive, presumptive thalamocortical axon collateral inputs. Our study shows that layer 5 is much wider than layer 6, and layer 5 can be divided into at least three sublayers. The thalamorecipient layers 3/4 may be separated from layers 2/3 using Cux1 and can be also divided into layer 4 and layer 3 based on the neuronal soma size. These data provide a new insight for the laminar structure of mouse A1.
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Abbreviations
- AAV:
-
Adeno-associated virus
- A1:
-
Primary auditory cortex
- Bcl11b:
-
B-cell lymphoma/leukaemia 11B
- BDA:
-
Biotinylated dextran amine
- ChR2:
-
Channelrhodopsin 2
- Cplx3:
-
Complexin 3
- CTB:
-
Chorela toxin β-subunit conjugated with Alexa Fluor 488
- Ctip2:
-
COUP-TF interacting protein 2
- Cux1:
-
Cut-like homeobox 1
- DARPP-32:
-
Dopamine- and adenosine 3′, 5′-monophosphate-regulated phosphoprotein-32,000
- DMSO:
-
Dimethyl sulfoxide
- Drd1a:
-
Dopamine receptor D1a
- ER81:
-
Ets-related protein 81
- Etv1:
-
ETS-variant 1
- Foxp2:
-
Forkhead box protein P2
- IC:
-
Inferior colliculus
- ICc:
-
Central nucleus of IC
- L6/WM:
-
Layer 6 and the subcortical white matter
- Lpar1:
-
Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1
- MGd:
-
The dorsal division of medial geniculate nucleus
- MGN:
-
Medial geniculate nucleus
- MGv:
-
The ventral division of medial geniculate nucleus
- nAChRs:
-
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
- NeuN:
-
Neuronal nuclei
- Ntsr1:
-
Neurotensin receptor 1
- P:
-
Postnatal day
- Rbp4:
-
Retinol binding protein 4
- ROI:
-
Region of interest
- RORβ:
-
RAR-related orphan receptor beta subunit
- S1:
-
Primary somatosensory cortex
- Scnn1a:
-
Sodium channel epithelial 1 alpha subunit
- Tbr1:
-
T-box brain protein 1
- TMR-Dex:
-
Tetramethylrhodamine dextran
- V1:
-
Primary visual cortex
- vGluT2:
-
Vesicular glutamate transporter 2
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by JSPS Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) 26430025 (H.D.K), Otsuka Toshimi Scholarship Foundation (M.C.), and the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) Scholarship (M.C.).
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MC and HDK designed the research; MC performed the research; MC and HDK wrote the paper.
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Chang, M., Kawai, H.D. A characterization of laminar architecture in mouse primary auditory cortex. Brain Struct Funct 223, 4187–4209 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-018-1744-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-018-1744-8