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The status of the CRISPR/Cas9 research in plant–nematode interactions

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Abstract

Main conclusion

As an important biotic stressor, plant–parasitic nematodes afflict global crop productivity. Deployment of CRISPR/Cas9 system that selectively knock out host susceptibility genes conferred improved nematode tolerance in crop plants.

Abstract

As an important biotic stressor, plant–parasitic nematodes cause a considerable yield decline in crop plants that eventually contributes to a negative impact on global food security. Being obligate plant parasites, the root-knot and cyst nematodes maintain an intricate and sophisticated relationship with their host plants by hijacking the host’s physiological and metabolic pathways for their own benefit. Significant progress has been made toward developing RNAi-based transgenic crops that confer nematode resistance. However, the strategy of host-induced gene silencing that targets nematode effectors is likely to fail because the induced silencing of effectors (which interact with plant R genes) may lead to the development of nematode phenotypes that break resistance. Lately, the CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing system has been deployed to achieve host resistance against bacteria, fungi, and viruses. In these studies, host susceptibility (S) genes were knocked out to achieve resistance via loss of susceptibility. As the S genes are recessively inherited in plants, induced mutations of the S genes are likely to be long-lasting and confer broad-spectrum resistance. A number of S genes contributing to plant susceptibility to nematodes have been identified in Arabidopsis thaliana, rice, tomato, cucumber, and soybean. A few of these S genes were targeted for CRISPR/Cas9-based knockout experiments to improve nematode tolerance in crop plants. Nevertheless, the CRISPR/Cas9 system was mostly utilized to interrogate the molecular basis of plant–nematode interactions rather than direct research toward achieving tolerance in crop plants. The current standalone article summarizes the progress made so far on CRISPR/Cas9 research in plant–nematode interactions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India

    Tushar K. Dutta

  2. Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India

    Soham Ray

  3. Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Dakshin Dinajpur, West Bengal, 733133, India

    Victor Phani

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  1. Tushar K. Dutta
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  3. Victor Phani
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TKD and SR wrote the first draft. TKD, SR and VP prepared the illustrations. TKD edited the final draft. All the authors read and approved the final draft.

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Dutta, T.K., Ray, S. & Phani, V. The status of the CRISPR/Cas9 research in plant–nematode interactions. Planta 258, 103 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-023-04259-0

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