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Biochemical defense mechanism associated with host-specific disease resistance pathways against Rhizoctonia solani AG3-PT potatoes canker disease

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Abstract

Main conclusion

Screening for resistance in 40 potato genotypes to Rhizoctonia solani AG-3PT-stem-canker, antioxidant enzymes activity as well as total phenol compounds were documented.

Abstract

Rhizoctonia solani AG-3PT-stem-canker is one of the most devastating diseases that leads to severe economic losses in potatoes, Solanum tuberosum globally. Crop management and eugenic practices, especially the use of resistance can be effective in reducing the disease incidence. However, the information about potato-R. Solani interaction is still limited. This study explored screening for resistance in forty potato genotypes to R. solani, analyzing biomass growth parameters (BGPs), as well as antioxidant enzymes activity of which peroxidase/peroxide-reductases (POXs), superoxide dismutase (SOD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), catalase (CAT), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), β-1,3-glucanase (GLU) and total phenol compounds (TPCs) were taken into account. In addition, we analyzed up-regulation of two gene markers (PR-1 and Osmotin), using reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). For which, the resistant ‘Savalan’, partially resistant ‘Agria’, partially susceptible ‘Sagita’ and susceptible ‘Pashandi’ were selected to explore the trails in their roots and leaves over the time courses of 1, 2 and 3-weeks post inoculation (wpi) following inoculation. Cluster analysis divided potatoes into four distinct groups, based on disease severity scales (0–100%) significance. The BGPs, shoot and root length, fresh and dry weight, and root volume were also significantly higher in infected potatoes compared to non-inoculated controls. Antioxidant enzymes activity also indicated the highest increased levels for POX (fourfold at 3wpi), CAT (1.5-fold at 3wpi), SOD (6.8-fold at 1wpi), and PAL (2.7-fold at 3wpi) in the resistant genotype, ‘Savalan’, whereas the highest activity was recorded in TPC (twofold at 1 wpi), PPO (threefold at 3wpi), and GLU (2.3-fold at 1wpi) in partially resistant genotypes. Although the defense-related enzymatic activities were sharply elevated in the resistant and partially resistant genotypes following inoculation, no significant correlations were between the activity trends of the related enzymes. The two related gene markers also showed comprehensive transcriptional responses up to 3.4-fold, predominantly in resistant genotypes. Surprisingly, the PR-1 gene marker, basically resistant to Wilting agent Verticillium dahlia was overexpressed in resistant 'Savalan' and 'Agria' against R. solani AG3-PT. Similar results were obtained on Osmotin gene marker resistant to late-blight P. infestans, and early-blight Alternaria solani that similarly modulates immunity against R. solani. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between resistance, enzyme activity, and gene expression in the aforesaid cultivars. Studying the physiological metabolic pathways of antioxidant enzymes activity appears to be an important direction in research to elucidate resistance to R. solani in potatoes.

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Data availability

All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article [and its supplementary information files].

Abbreviations

AG:

Anastomosis group

BGPs:

Biomass growth parameters

CAT:

Catalase

GLU:

β-1,3-Glucanase

PAL:

Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase

PPO:

Polyphenol-oxidase

POX:

Peroxidase/peroxide-reductases

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

TPC:

Total phenol compounds

wpi:

Weeks post-inoculation

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Acknowledgements

We thank Plant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Guilan, Iran; Plant Protection Research Department, Isfahan Center for Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education, AREEO, Isfahan, Iran; Plant Protection Research Department, Ardabil Center for Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education, AREEO, Ardabil, Iran; for providing facilities to run the project.

Funding

There was no funding source supporting this project.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

    Bita Soheili-Moghaddam & Sedigheh Mousanejad

  2. Department of Plant Protection Research, Ardabil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Ardabil, AREEO, Iran

    Bita Soheili-Moghaddam & Houssein Karbalaie-Khiyavie

  3. Department of Plant Protection Research, Esfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Esfahn, AREEO, Iran

    Mehdi Nasr-Esfahani

  4. Department of Horticulture Crops Research, Hormozgan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Bandar Abbas, Iran

    Hamed Hassanzadeh-Khankahdani

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  3. Sedigheh Mousanejad
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  4. Hamed Hassanzadeh-Khankahdani
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  5. Houssein Karbalaie-Khiyavie
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Correspondence to Mehdi Nasr-Esfahani or Sedigheh Mousanejad.

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Soheili-Moghaddam, B., Nasr-Esfahani, M., Mousanejad, S. et al. Biochemical defense mechanism associated with host-specific disease resistance pathways against Rhizoctonia solani AG3-PT potatoes canker disease. Planta 257, 13 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-022-04039-2

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