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Screening of rice mutants with improved saccharification efficiency results in the identification of CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 and GOLD HULL AND INTERNODE 1

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Abstract

Main conclusion

The screening of rice mutants with improved cellulose to glucose saccharification efficiency (SE) identifies reduced xylan and/or ferulic acid, and a qualitative change of lignin to impact SE.

To ensure the availability of sustainable energy, considerable effort is underway to utilize lignocellulosic plant biomass as feedstock for the production of biofuels. However, the high cost of degrading plant cell wall components to fermentable sugars (saccharification) has been problematic. One way to overcome this barrier is to develop plants possessing cell walls that are amenable to saccharification. In this study, we aimed to identify new molecular factors that influence saccharification efficiency (SE) in rice. By screening 22 rice mutants, we identified two lines, 122 and 108, with improved SE. Reduced xylan and ferulic acid within the cell wall of line 122 were probable reasons of improved SE. Line 108 showed reduced levels of thioglycolic-released lignin; however, the amount of Klason lignin was comparable to the wild-type, indicating that structural changes had occurred in the 108 lignin polymer which resulted in improved SE. Positional cloning revealed that the genes responsible for improved SE in 122 and 108 were rice CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (OsCOP1) and GOLD HULL AND INTERNODE 1 (GH1), respectively, which have not been previously reported to influence SE. The screening of mutants for improved SE is an efficient approach to identify novel genes that affect SE, which is relevant in the development of crops as biofuel sources.

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Abbreviations

BMB:

Bending moment at breaking

COP1 :

CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1

FA:

Ferulic acid

GH1 :

GOLD HULL AND INTERNODE 1

SE:

Saccharification efficiency

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Acknowledgements

We thank Dr. Taiichiro Ookawa (Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology) for providing seeds of Leaf Star and Chugoku 117. We also thank Sayaka Murakami, Yusuke Iwamoto, Masaki Ban, Motoko Oosawa, Natsumi Mutoh, Yuri Kitagawa, and Chiaki Ishii for technical assistance. This work was supported by Grants-in-Aid from the NC-CARP project, the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture of Japan to TS and KH, and KAKENHI (series of single-year grants, 26 1393) to KH.

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  1. Yoichi Morinaka

    Present address: Zensho Holdings Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan

    Ko Hirano, Reiko Masuda, Wakana Takase, Yoichi Morinaka, Mayuko Kawamura & Takashi Sazuka

  2. Rice Breeding Research Team, NARO Institute of Crop Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

    Yoshinobu Takeuchi

  3. Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami, Iwate, Japan

    Hiroki Takagi, Hiroki Yaegashi, Satoshi Natsume & Ryohei Terauchi

  4. Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan

    Toshihisa Kotake

  5. Institute for Environmental Science and Technology, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan

    Toshihisa Kotake

  6. Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan

    Yasuyuki Matsushita

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Hirano, K., Masuda, R., Takase, W. et al. Screening of rice mutants with improved saccharification efficiency results in the identification of CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 and GOLD HULL AND INTERNODE 1 . Planta 246, 61–74 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-017-2685-9

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