Abstract
Purpose
The present study aimed to characterize the exercise-induced neuromuscular fatigue and its possible links with cerebral and muscular oxygen supply and utilization to provide mechanistic insights into the reduced exercise capacity characterizing patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD).
Methods
Thirteen patients with ESRD and thirteen healthy males (CTR group) performed a constant-force sustained isometric contraction at 50% of their maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) until exhaustion. Quadriceps muscle activation during exercise was estimated from vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and rectus femoris EMG. Central and peripheral fatigue were quantified via changes in pre- to postexercise quadriceps voluntary activation (ΔVA) and quadriceps twitch force (ΔQtw,pot) evoked by supramaximal electrical stimulation, respectively. To assess cerebral and muscular oxygenation, throughout exercise, near-infrared spectroscopy allowed investigation of changes in oxyhemoglobin (∆O2Hb), deoxyhemoglobin (∆HHb), and total hemoglobin (∆THb) in the prefrontal cortex and in the vastus lateralis muscle.
Results
ESRD patients demonstrated lower exercise time to exhaustion than that of CTR (88.8 ± 15.3 s and 119.9 ± 14.6 s, respectively, P < 0.01). Following the exercise, MVC, Qtw,pot, and VA reduction were similar between the groups (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in muscle oxygenation (∆O2Hb) between the two groups (P > 0.05). Cerebral and muscular blood volume (∆THb) and oxygen extraction (∆HHb) were significantly blunted in the ESRD group (P < 0.05). A significant positive correlation was observed between time to exhaustion and cerebral blood volume (∆THb) in both groups (r2 = 0.64, P < 0.01).
Conclusions
These findings support cerebral hypoperfusion as a factor contributing to the reduction in exercise capacity characterizing ESRD patients.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
The data may be shared upon reasonable request to the corresponding author if the request is accepted by the Regional Research Committee for Medical and Health Research Ethics and the local Data Protection Official.
Abbreviations
- ANOVA:
-
Analysis of variance
- CTR:
-
Control
- CKD:
-
Chronic kidney disease
- ESRD:
-
End-stage renal disease
- HHb:
-
Deoxyhemoglobin
- MVC:
-
Maximal voluntary contraction
- O2Hb:
-
Oxyhemoglobin
- Qtw,pot :
-
Twitch force
- RMS:
-
Root mean square
- THb:
-
Total hemoglobin
- Tlim:
-
Time limit
- VA:
-
Voluntary activation
References
Allen DG, Lamb GD, Westerblad H (2008) Skeletal muscle fatigue: cellular mechanisms. Physiol Rev 88(1):287–332. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00015.2007
Amann M, Calbet JA (2008) Convective oxygen transport and fatigue. J Appl Physiol 104(3):861–870. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01008.2007
Ansdell P, Brownstein CG, Škarabot J, Hicks KM, Simoes DCM, Thomas K, Goodall S (2019) Menstrual cycle-associated modulations in neuromuscular function and fatigability of the knee extensors in eumenorrheic women. J Appl Physiol 126(6):1701–1712. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01041.2018
Arnold R, Issar T, Krishnan AV, Pussell BA (2016) Neurological complications in chronic kidney disease. JRSM Cardiovasc Dis 5:2048004016677687. https://doi.org/10.1177/2048004016677687
Arnold R, Pianta TJ, Pussell BA, Endre Z, Kiernan MC, Krishnan AV (2019) Potassium control in chronic kidney disease: implications for neuromuscular function. Intern Med J 49(7):817–825. https://doi.org/10.1111/imj.14114
Arnold R, Pianta TJ, Issar T, Kirby A, Scales CMK, Kwai NCG, Krishnan AV (2022) Peripheral neuropathy: an important contributor to physical limitation and morbidity in stages 3 and 4 chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 37(4):713–719. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfab043
Baecke JA, Burema J, Frijters JE (1982) A short questionnaire for the measurement of habitual physical activity in epidemiological studies. Am J Clin Nutr 36(5):936–942. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/36.5.936
Bigland-Ritchie B, Woods JJ (1984) Changes in muscle contractile properties and neural control during human muscular fatigue. Muscle Nerve 7(9):691–699. https://doi.org/10.1002/mus.880070902
Blair SN, Haskell WL, Ho P, Paffenbarger RS Jr, Vranizan KM, Farquhar JW, Wood PD (1985) Assessment of habitual physical activity by a seven-day recall in a community survey and controlled experiments. Am J Epidemiol 122(5):794–804. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114163
Buckthorpe M, Roi GS (2017) The time has come to incorporate a greater focus on rate of force development training in the sports injury rehabilitation process. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J 7(3):435–441
Burke D (2002) Effects of activity on axonal excitability: implications for motor control studies. Adv Exp Med Biol 508:33–37. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0713-0_5
Charlson ME, Pompei P, Ales KL, MacKenzie CR (1987) A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation. J Chronic Dis 40(5):373–383. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9681(87)90171-8
Chatrenet A, Beaune B, Fois A, Pouliquen C, Audebrand JM, Torreggiani M, Piccoli GB (2020) Physiopathology of neuromuscular function related to fatigue in chronic renal disease in the elderly (PIONEER): study protocol. BMC Nephrol 21(1):305. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-020-01976-6
Chatrenet A, Piccoli G, Anthierens A, Torreggiani M, Audebrand JM, Morel B, Durand S (2023) Neural drive impairment in chronic kidney disease patients is associated with neuromuscular fatigability and fatigue. Med Sci Sports Exerc 55(4):727–739. https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003090
De Blasi RA, Luciani R, Punzo G, Arcioni R, Romano R, Boezi M, Menè P (2009) Microcirculatory changes and skeletal muscle oxygenation measured at rest by non-infrared spectroscopy in patients with and without diabetes undergoing haemodialysis. Crit Care 13(Suppl 5):S9. https://doi.org/10.1186/cc8007
Downey RM, Liao P, Millson EC, Quyyumi AA, Sher S, Park J (2017) Endothelial dysfunction correlates with exaggerated exercise pressor response during whole body maximal exercise in chronic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 312(5):F917-f924. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00603.2016
DuPont JJ, Ramick MG, Farquhar WB, Townsend RR, Edwards DG (2014) NADPH oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species contribute to impaired cutaneous microvascular function in chronic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 306(12):F1499-1506. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00058.2014
Enoka RM, Stuart DG (1992) Neurobiology of muscle fatigue. J Appl Physiol 72(5):1631–1648. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1992.72.5.1631
Enoki Y, Watanabe H, Arake R, Fujimura R, Ishiodori K, Imafuku T, Maruyama T (2017) Potential therapeutic interventions for chronic kidney disease-associated sarcopenia via indoxyl sulfate-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 8(5):735–747. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.12202
Fahal IH, Bell GM, Bone JM, Edwards RH (1997) Physiological abnormalities of skeletal muscle in dialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 12(1):119–127. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/12.1.119
Ferrari M, Muthalib M, Quaresima V (2011) The use of near-infrared spectroscopy in understanding skeletal muscle physiology: recent developments. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 369(1955):4577–4590. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2011.0230
Fouque D, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Kopple J, Cano N, Chauveau P, Cuppari L, Wanner C (2008) A proposed nomenclature and diagnostic criteria for protein-energy wasting in acute and chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 73(4):391–398. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ki.5002585
Gamboa JL, Billings FTT, Bojanowski MT, Gilliam LA, Yu C, Roshanravan B, Brown NJ (2016) Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in patients with chronic kidney disease. Physiol Rep. https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.12780
Gamboa JL, Roshanravan B, Towse T, Keller CA, Falck AM, Yu C, Ikizler TA (2020) Skeletal is muscle mitochondrial dysfunction present in patients with CKD before initiation of maintenance hemodialysis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 15(7):926–936. https://doi.org/10.2215/cjn.10320819
Glatter KA, Graves SW, Hollenberg NK, Soszynski PA, Tao QF, Frem GJ, Lazarus JM (1994) Sustained volume expansion and [Na, K]ATPase inhibition in chronic renal failure. Am J Hypertens 7(11):1016–1025. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajh/7.11.1016
Grassi B, Pogliaghi S, Rampichini S, Quaresima V, Ferrari M, Marconi C, Cerretelli P (2003) Muscle oxygenation and pulmonary gas exchange kinetics during cycling exercise on-transitions in humans. J Appl Physiol 95(1):149–158. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00695.2002
Gollie JM, Harris-Love MO, Patel SS, Shara NM, Blackman MR (2021) Rate of force development is related to maximal force and sit-to-stand performance in men with stages 3b and 4 chronic kidney disease. Front Rehabil Sci 2:734705
Hepple RT (2002) The role of O2 supply in muscle fatigue. Can J Appl Physiol 27(1):56–69. https://doi.org/10.1139/h02-004
Hermens HJ, Freriks B, Disselhorst-Klug C, Rau G (2000) Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 10(5):361–374. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1050-6411(00)00027-4
Johansen KL, Kaysen GA, Young BS, Hung AM, da Silva M, Chertow GM (2003) Longitudinal study of nutritional status, body composition, and physical function in hemodialysis patients. Am J Clin Nutr 77(4):842–846. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/77.4.842
Johansen KL, Doyle J, Sakkas GK, Kent-Braun JA (2005) Neural and metabolic mechanisms of excessive muscle fatigue in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 289(3):R805-813. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00187.2005
Kanai H, Hirakata H, Nakane H, Fujii K, Hirakata E, Ibayashi S, Kuwabara Y (2001) Depressed cerebral oxygen metabolism in patients with chronic renal failure: a positron emission tomography study. Am J Kidney Dis 38(4 Suppl 1):S129-133. https://doi.org/10.1053/ajkd.2001.27421
Kestenbaum B, Gamboa J, Liu S, Ali AS, Shankland E, Jue T, Roshanravan B (2020) Impaired skeletal muscle mitochondrial bioenergetics and physical performance in chronic kidney disease. JCI Insight. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.133289
Kirkman DL, Muth BJ, Ramick MG, Townsend RR, Edwards DG (2018) Role of mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species in microvascular dysfunction in chronic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 314(3):F423-f429. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00321.2017
Kluger BM, Krupp LB, Enoka RM (2013) Fatigue and fatigability in neurologic illnesses: proposal for a unified taxonomy. Neurology 80(4):409–416. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e31827f07be
Kovarova L, Valerianova A, Kmentova T, Lachmanova J, Hladinova Z, Malik J (2018) Low cerebral oxygenation is associated with cognitive impairment in chronic hemodialysis patients. Nephron 139(2):113–119. https://doi.org/10.1159/000487092
Krupp LB, Serafin DJ, Christodoulou C (2010) Multiple sclerosis-associated fatigue. Expert Rev Neurother 10(9):1437–1447. https://doi.org/10.1586/ern.10.99
Lännergren J, Westerblad H (1991) Force decline due to fatigue and intracellular acidification in isolated fibres from mouse skeletal muscle. J Physiol 434:307–322. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1991.sp018471
Levey AS, Eckardt KU, Dorman NM, Christiansen SL, Hoorn EJ, Ingelfinger JR, Winkelmayer WC (2020) Nomenclature for kidney function and disease: report of a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Consensus Conference. Kidney Int 97(6):1117–1129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kint.2020.02.010
Macdonald JH, Fearn L, Jibani M, Marcora SM (2012) Exertional fatigue in patients with CKD. Am J Kidney Dis 60(6):930–939. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2012.06.021
Marrades RM, Roca J, Campistol JM, Diaz O, Barberá JA, Torregrosa JV, Wagner PD (1996) Effects of erythropoietin on muscle O2 transport during exercise in patients with chronic renal failure. J Clin Invest 97(9):2092–2100. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci118646
McGuire S, Horton EJ, Renshaw D, Chan K, Krishnan N, McGregor G (2020) Ventilatory and chronotropic incompetence during incremental and constant load exercise in end-stage renal disease: a comparative physiology study. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 319(3):F515-f522. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00258.2020
Merton PA (1954) Voluntary strength and fatigue. J Physiol 123:553–164
Miró O, Marrades RM, Roca J, Sala E, Masanés F, Campistol JM, Cardellach F (2002) Skeletal muscle mitochondrial function is preserved in young patients with chronic renal failure. Am J Kidney Dis 39(5):1025–1031. https://doi.org/10.1053/ajkd.2002.32776
Moore GE, Bertocci LA, Painter PL (1993) 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy assessment of subnormal oxidative metabolism in skeletal muscle of renal failure patients. J Clin Invest 91(2):420–424. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci116217
Müntener M, Käser L, Weber J, Berchtold MW (1995) Increase of skeletal muscle relaxation speed by direct injection of parvalbumin cDNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92(14):6504–6508. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.92.14.6504
Murtagh FE, Addington-Hall J, Higginson IJ (2007) The prevalence of symptoms in end-stage renal disease: a systematic review. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 14(1):82–99. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ackd.2006.10.001
Nielsen HB, Boesen M, Secher NH (2001) Near-infrared spectroscopy determined brain and muscle oxygenation during exercise with normal and resistive breathing. Acta Physiol Scand 171(1):63–70. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-201X.2001.00782.x
Nishikawa M, Ishimori N, Takada S, Saito A, Kadoguchi T, Furihata T, Tsutsui H (2015) AST-120 ameliorates lowered exercise capacity and mitochondrial biogenesis in the skeletal muscle from mice with chronic kidney disease via reducing oxidative stress. Nephrol Dial Transplant 30(6):934–942. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfv103
Nybo L, Rasmussen P (2007) Inadequate cerebral oxygen delivery and central fatigue during strenuous exercise. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 35(3):110–118. https://doi.org/10.1097/jes.0b013e3180a031ec
Passauer J, Pistrosch F, Büssemaker E, Lässig G, Herbrig K, Gross P (2005) Reduced agonist-induced endothelium-dependent vasodilation in uremia is attributable to an impairment of vascular nitric oxide. J Am Soc Nephrol 16(4):959–965. https://doi.org/10.1681/asn.2004070582
Price SR, Gooch JL, Donaldson SK, Roberts-Wilson TK (2010) Muscle atrophy in chronic kidney disease results from abnormalities in insulin signaling. J Ren Nutr 20(5 Suppl):S24-28. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jrn.2010.05.007
Prinsen H, van Dijk JP, Zwarts MJ, Leer JW, Bleijenberg G, van Laarhoven HW (2015) The role of central and peripheral muscle fatigue in postcancer fatigue: a randomized controlled trial. J Pain Symptom Manage 49(2):173–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2014.06.020
Rossman MJ, Venturelli M, McDaniel J, Amann M, Richardson RS (2012) Muscle mass and peripheral fatigue: a potential role for afferent feedback? Acta Physiol (oxf) 206(4):242–250. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1716.2012.02471.x
Roumeliotis S, Mallamaci F, Zoccali C (2020) Endothelial dysfunction in chronic kidney disease, from biology to clinical outcomes: a 2020 update. J Clin Med. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9082359
Sangkabutra T, Crankshaw DP, Schneider C, Fraser SF, Sostaric S, Mason K, McKenna MJ (2003) Impaired K+ regulation contributes to exercise limitation in end-stage renal failure. Kidney Int 63(1):283–290. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1755.2003.00739.x
Sawant A, Garland SJ, House AA, Overend TJ (2011) Morphological, electrophysiological, and metabolic characteristics of skeletal muscle in people with end-stage renal disease: a critical review. Physiother Can 63(3):355–376. https://doi.org/10.3138/ptc.2010-18
Segura-Ortí E, Gordon PL, Doyle JW, Johansen KL (2018) Correlates of physical functioning and performance across the spectrum of kidney function. Clin Nurs Res 27(5):579–596. https://doi.org/10.1177/1054773816689282
Singh R, Kluding PM (2013) Fatigue and related factors in people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Educ 39(3):320–326. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145721713479144
Slee AD (2012) Exploring metabolic dysfunction in chronic kidney disease. Nutr Metab (lond) 9(1):36. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-7075-9-36
Slessarev M, Mahmoud O, Albakr R, Dorie J, Tamasi T, McIntyre CW (2021) Hemodialysis patients have impaired cerebrovascular reactivity to CO(2) compared to chronic kidney disease patients and healthy controls: a pilot study. Kidney Int Rep 6(7):1868–1877. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ekir.2021.04.005
Stenvinkel P, Carrero JJ, von Walden F, Ikizler TA, Nader GA (2016) Muscle wasting in end-stage renal disease promulgates premature death: established, emerging and potential novel treatment strategies. Nephrol Dial Transplant 31(7):1070–1077. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfv122
Stokes GS, Norris LA, Marwood JF, Monaghan JC, Caterson RJ (1988) An Na+-K+-ATPase inhibitor which circulates in renal failure but not in essential hypertension. Prog Biochem Pharmacol 23:46–54
Szubski C, Burtscher M, Löscher WN (2007) Neuromuscular fatigue during sustained contractions performed in short-term hypoxia. Med Sci Sports Exerc 39(6):948–954. https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e3180479918
Taylor JL, Gandevia SC (2008) A comparison of central aspects of fatigue in submaximal and maximal voluntary contractions. J Appl Physiol 104(2):542–550. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01053.2007
Thomas K, Elmeua M, Howatson G, Goodall S (2016) Intensity-dependent contribution of neuromuscular fatigue after constant-load cycling. Med Sci Sports Exerc 48(9):1751–1760. https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000000950
Twomey R, Aboodarda SJ, Kruger R, Culos-Reed SN, Temesi J, Millet GY (2017) Neuromuscular fatigue during exercise: Methodological considerations, etiology and potential role in chronic fatigue. Neurophysiol Clin 47(2):95–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucli.2017.03.002
Verges S, Sager Y, Erni C, Spengler CM (2007) Expiratory muscle fatigue impairs exercise performance. Eur J Appl Physiol 101(2):225–232. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-007-0491-y
Verges S, Rupp T, Jubeau M, Wuyam B, Esteve F, Levy P, Millet GY (2012) Cerebral perturbations during exercise in hypoxia. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 302(8):R903-916. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00555.2011
Wallin H, Asp AM, Wallquist C, Jansson E, Caidahl K, Hylander Rössner B, Eriksson MJ (2018) Gradual reduction in exercise capacity in chronic kidney disease is associated with systemic oxygen delivery factors. PLoS ONE 13(12):e0209325. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209325
Zhou Y, Hellberg M, Svensson P, Höglund P, Clyne N (2018) Sarcopenia and relationships between muscle mass, measured glomerular filtration rate and physical function in patients with chronic kidney disease stages 3–5. Nephrol Dial Transplant 33(2):342–348. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfw466
Funding
The authors reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
AM and ST: identified study plot, collected clinical data, performed statistical analysis, and drafted and approved the manuscript. HBHH and NF: identified study plot, were responsible for application to the committee of ethics, performed statistical analysis, and drafted and approved the manuscript. HIHA and MAB: drafted application to the committee of ethics, organized database, and reviewed and approved the manuscript. HC: collected clinical data, performed statistical analysis, and drafted and approved the manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
There are no potential conflicts of interest to be reported in relation to this article.
Ethical approval
The study received approval from the Regional Research Ethics Committee (CPP SUD No. 11/2019).
Consent to participate
All subjects gave written informed consent in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
Additional information
Communicated by Westerterp/Westerblad.
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Machfer, A., Tagougui, S., Zghal, F. et al. Hemodynamic and neuromuscular basis of reduced exercise capacity in patients with end-stage renal disease. Eur J Appl Physiol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-024-05427-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-024-05427-0