Abstract
Purpose
We investigated the effect of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on performance of a 3 min maximal effort arm ergometer test in young women.
Methods
Twenty healthy women (23.1 (SD 3.3) years) performed a 3 min maximal effort arm cycling exercise, preceded by IPC on both arms or SHAM in a counterbalanced randomized crossover design. Both blood flow (via high resolution ultrasound; n = 17) and muscle oxygenation/deoxygenation (via near infrared spectroscopy; n = 5) were measured throughout the IPC/SHAM. Performance and perceptual/physiological (i.e., heart rate, blood lactate, rating of perceived exertion, and triceps brachialis oxygenation) parameters were recorded during the exercise test.
Results
Occlusion during IPC completely blocked brachial artery blood flow, decreased oxygenated hemoglobin/myoglobin (Δ[oxy(Hb + Mb)]), and increased deoxygenated Hb/Mb (Δ[deoxy(Hb + Mb)]). There were no differences (P > 0.797) in performance (peak, mean, and end power output) or in any perceptual/physiological variables during the 3 min all-out test between IPC/SHAM. During exercise, Δ[oxy(Hb + Mb)] initially decreased with no differences (P ≥ 0.296) between conditions and returned towards baseline by the completion of the test while Δ[deoxy(Hb + Mb)] increased with no differences between conditions and remained elevated until completion of the test (P ≥ 0.755).
Conclusions
We verified the successful application of IPC via blood flow and NIRS measures but found no effects on performance of a 3 min maximal effort arm cranking test in young women.
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Abbreviations
- ANOVA:
-
Analysis of variance
- AU:
-
Arbitrary units
- BP:
-
Blood pressure
- HR:
-
Heart rate
- IPC:
-
Ischemic preconditioning
- [La−]:
-
Blood lactate concentration
- NIRS:
-
Near-infrared spectroscopy
- Δ[oxy(Hb+Mb)]:
-
Change in oxygenated hemoglobin and myoglobin
- Δ[deoxy(Hb+Mb)]:
-
Change in deoxygenated hemoglobin and myoglobin
- RPE:
-
Rating of perceived exertion
- RPM:
-
Revolutions per minute
- SHAM:
-
Placebo treatment
- SBP:
-
Systolic blood pressure
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Acknowledgments
Dr. Mota was supported by the US Department of State—Fulbright Program. We sincerely appreciate the time and effort provided by our participants. We also thank the following for their valuable contributions: Steven B. Gladden (for technical assistance with counting revolutions on the arm crank ergometer), C. Brooks Mobley (for assistance with instrumenting the arm crank ergometer), Julia Kimbrough and Hillary Schulman (for assistance with the recruitment of participants and data collection), Angelique N. Moore (for assistance with the blood flow measurements), and Dr. Matthew W. Miller for statistical advice.
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GRM, ANK, and LBG conceived and designed research. GRM, ZBR, JSM, and JRM conducted experiments. DDP and ANK contributed new reagents or analytical tools. GRM, ZBR, JSM, JRM, and LBG analyzed data. GRM, ANK, and LBG wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript.
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Communicated by Michael Lindinger.
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Mota, G.R., Rightmire, Z.B., Martin, J.S. et al. Ischemic preconditioning has no effect on maximal arm cycling exercise in women. Eur J Appl Physiol 120, 369–380 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-019-04281-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-019-04281-9